Enteric coating

Overview

An enteric coating is a barrier applied to oral medication that controls the location in the digestive system where it is absorbed. Enteric refers to the small intestine, therefore enteric coatings prevent release of medication before it reaches the small intestine.

Most enteric coatings work by presenting a surface that is stable at the highly acidic pH found in the stomach, but breaks down rapidly at a less acidic (relatively more basic) pH. For example, they will not dissolve in the acidic juices of the stomach (pH ~3), but they will in the higher pH (above pH 5.5) environment present in the small intestine.

Drugs such as aspirin, which have an irritant effect on the stomach, can be coated with a substance that will only dissolve in the small intestine. Similarly, certain groups of Azoles (Esomeprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and all grouped azoles) are acid-unstable. For such types of drugs, enteric coating added to the formulation tends to avoid the stomach's acidic exposure, delivering them instead to a basic pH environment (intestine's pH 5.5 and above) where they do not degrade, and give their desired action.

Recently, some companies have begun to utilize enteric coatings on fish oil (omega 3 fatty acids) supplements. The coating prevents the fish oil capsules from being digested in the stomach, which has been known to cause "fish burps".