Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacteria
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Rahn, 1937
Genera
See text.

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The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of bacteria, including many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Genetic studies place them among the Proteobacteria, and they are given their own order (Enterobacteriales), though this is sometimes taken to include some related environmental samples.

Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are rod-shaped, and are typically 1-5 μm in length. Like other Proteobacteria they have Gram-negative stains, and they are facultative anaerobes, fermenting sugars to produce lactic acid and various other end products. They also reduce nitrate to nitrite. Unlike most similar bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae generally lack cytochrome C oxidase, although there are exceptions (e.g. Plesiomonas). Most have many flagella used to move about, but a few genera are non-motile. They are non-spore forming, and except for Shigella dysenteriae strains they are catalase-positive.

Many members of this family are a normal part of the gut flora found in the intestines of humans and other animals, while others are found in water or soil, or are parasites on a variety of different animals and plants. Escherichia coli, better known as E. coli, is one of the most important model organisms and its genetics and biochemistry have been closely studied.

Most members of Enterobacteriaceae have peritrichous Type I fimbriae involved in the adhesion of the bacterial cells to their hosts.

Genera in the Enterobacteriaceae

• Alishewanella
• Alterococcus
• Aquamonas
• Aranicola
• Arsenophonus
• Azotivirga
• Blochmannia
• Brenneria
• Buchnera
• Budvicia
• Buttiauxella
• Cedecea
• Citrobacter
• Dickeya
• Edwardsiella
• Enterobacter
• Erwinia, e.g. Erwinia amylovora
• Escherichia, e.g. Escherichia coli
• Ewingella
• Grimontella
• Hafnia
• Klebsiella, e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Kluyvera
• Leclercia
• Leminorella
• Moellerella
• Morganella
• Obesumbacterium
• Pantoea
• Pectobacterium
• Candidatus Phlomobacter
• Photorhabdus, e.g. Photorhabdus luminescens
• Plesiomonas, e.g. Plesiomonas shigelloides
• Pragia
• Proteus, e.g. Proteus vulgaris
• Providencia
• Rahnella
• Raoultella
• Salmonella
• Samsonia
• Serratia, e.g. Serratia marcescens
• Shigella
• Sodalis
• Tatumella
• Trabulsiella
• Wigglesworthia
• Xenorhabdus
• Yersinia, e.g. Yersinia pestis
• Yokenella

External Links

• Genome information on diarrheagenic E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia pestis, and Yersinia enterocolitica is available at the NIAID Enteropathogen Resource Integration Center (ERIC)

• Evaluation of new computer-enhanced identification program for microorganisms: adaptation of BioBASE for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae [1]

Gallery

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  Enterobacteriaceae cultures show positive oxidation (Rt), and negative fermentation reactivity in glucose medium (Lt). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  Petri dish culture plate with MacConkey agar medium, inoculated with three different bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  3D computer-generated image of a group of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  3D image of a group of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs) bacteria. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  MacConkey agar culture plate with Kluyvera ascorbata bacteria (24hrs). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar culture plate with Rahnella aquatilis bacteria (24hrs). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

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  MacConkey agar culture plate with Rahnella aquatilis bacteria (24hrs). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).

References

• MacFaddin, Jean F. Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. Williams & Wilkins, 1980, p 441.