Enterobiasis (patient information)
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Enterobiasis |
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Pinworm On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Enterobiasis is an infection caused by pinworm. Pinworms are small worms that infect the intestines. Most common symptom of enterobiasis is perianal itching and it is treated with medications.
What are the symptoms of enterobiasis?
- Itching around the anus
- Difficulty sleeping due to the itching that occurs during the night
- Irritability due to itching and interrupted sleep
- Irritated or infected skin around the anus, from constant scratching
- Loss of appetite and weight (uncommon, but can occur in severe infections)
What causes enterobiasis?
Enterobiasis is caused by pinworms. Pinworms are the most common worm infection in the United States. They are most common in school-age children. Pinworm eggs are spread directly from person to person. They can also be spread by contamination of household items with the eggs. Typically, children are infected by unknowingly touching pinworm eggs and putting their fingers in their mouths. The eggs are swallowed and eventually, matures in the small intestine. Female worms then move to the child's anal area and lay eggs, usually at night. This may cause intense itching. The area can also be infected. When the child scratches the itching anal area, the eggs can get under the fingernails. These eggs can be transferred to other children, family members, and items in the house.
Who is at highest risk?
Children are at increased risk of having pinworm
Diagnosis
- Identifying the adult worms around the anus during the physical examination.
- Adhesive tape test; this is done by firmly pressing the adhesive side of clear, transparent cellophane tape to the skin around the anus. The eggs stick to the tape and the tape can be placed on a slide and looked at under a microscope.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:
- You or your child has symptoms of pinworm infection
- You have seen pinworms on your child
Treatment options
The main treatment is a single dose of either mebendazole or albendazole, which kill the pinworms (not the eggs).These are available over-the-counter and by prescription. More than one household member is likely to be infected, so the entire household is often treated. The single-dose treatment is often repeated after 2 weeks.
To control the eggs:
- Avoid scratching the infected area around the anus.
- Keep fingernails short and clean.
- Clean toilet seats daily.
- Wash all bed linens twice a week.
- Wash hands before meals and after using the toilet.
Where to find medical care for Pinworm?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Pinworm
Prevention
Wash hands after using the bathroom and before preparing food. Wash bedding and underclothing frequently, especially those of any affected family members.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Pinworm infection is fully treatable.
Possible complications
- Bacterial dermatitis
- Folliculitis
- Perianal abscess
- Vaginitis
- Cystitis