FODMAP
The term FODMAP is an acronym for "Fermentable, Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides And Polyols".[1]
Overview
FODMAPs are highly fermentable but poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates and polyols.[1]
| Dietary form | Common sources | |
|---|---|---|
| Oligo-saccharides[2] | Fructooligosaccharide Galactooligosaccharides |
fructans: grains, inulin galactans: pulses and beans |
| Di-saccharides | Lactose | dairy products |
| Mono-saccharides | Fructose | fruits, honey, sweeteners |
| Polyols | Sorbitol, xylotol, mannitol, maltilol | some (stone) fruits |
Medical uses
Low FODMAP diet may help treat irritable bowel syndrome according to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials[3] and a more recent trial[4]. Included in the systematic review was a trial that combined low FODMAPs and high dietary fiber.[5]
A diet that is low in FODMAPs but high in soluble fiber contains psyllium (ispaghula husks). A high fiber, low FODMAP diet has been published and contains 23 grams of fiber and 3 grams of FODMAPs. [5]
Symptoms of gluten sensitivity in the absence of celiac disease may actually be due to fructans in wheat.[6]
See also
- Prebiotic — indigestible matter which encourages growth of gut flora
- Dietary fiber
- Irritable bowel syndrome
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunlop SP, Hebden J, Campbell E, Naesdal J, Olbe L, Perkins AC; et al. (2006). "Abnormal intestinal permeability in subgroups of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromes". Am J Gastroenterol. 101 (6): 1288–94. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00672.x. PMID 16771951.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Biesiekierski JR, Rosella O, Rose R, Liels K, Barrett JS, Shepherd SJ; et al. (2011). "Quantification of fructans, galacto-oligosacharides and other short-chain carbohydrates in processed grains and cereals". J Hum Nutr Diet. 24 (2): 154–76. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01139.x. PMID 21332832.
- ↑ Marsh A, Eslick EM, Eslick GD (2016). "Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis". Eur J Nutr. 55 (3): 897–906. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0922-1. PMID 25982757.
- ↑ Eswaran SL, Chey WD, Han-Markey T, Ball S, Jackson K (2016). "A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Low FODMAP Diet vs. Modified NICE Guidelines in US Adults with IBS-D". Am J Gastroenterol. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.434. PMID 27725652.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG (2014). "A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome". Gastroenterology. 146 (1): 67–75.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046. PMID 24076059.
- ↑ Biesiekierski JR, Peters SL, Newnham ED, Rosella O, Muir JG, Gibson PR (2013). "No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates". Gastroenterology. 145 (2): 320-8.e1-3. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.051. PMID 23648697.