Gastric dumping syndrome risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Umar Ahmad, M.D.[2]
Overview
The most common risk factor for the development of dumping syndrome is bariatric surgery. Dumping syndrome is not limited to surgery but occurs due to other conditions as well. The severity of dumping syndrome is proportional to the rate of gastric emptying following different surgical procedures:
Risk Factors
Various clinical conditions, procedures and co-morbidities increase the risk of developing dumping syndrome. The risk factors may be divided into those related to surgeries, diet related and those related to comorbid conditions
- Surgical
- Gastrectomy[1] (partial and total)
- Esophagectomy[2]
- Billroth I gastroduodenostomy[3]
- Billroth II gastrojejunostomy[3]
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery[3]
- Antiulcer surgery (vagotomy)[4]
- Antireflux surgery (Nissen fundoplication, especially in pediatric patients)[5]
- Cholecystectomy[6]
- Pyloromyotomy[7]
- Esophageal repair of esophageal atresia[8]
- Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)[9]
- Post-surgical diet
- High carbohydrate (sugar)
- Diseases[10][11][12]
Common risk factors
- Surgical
- Gastrectomy
- Esophagectomy
- Billroth I gastroduodenostomy
- Billroth II gastrojejunostomy
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
- Vagotomy
- Pyloromyotomy
- Esophageal repair of esophageal atresia
- Post-surgical diet
- High carbohydrate (sugar)/hyperosmolar
- In the pediatric population, almost all cases of dumping syndrome occurs in those who have undergone Nissen fundoplication.
Least common risk factors
- Diabetes mellitus
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Duodenal ulcer
- Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Risk factors in alphabetical order
The following are the risk factors in alphabetical order:
- Billroth I Gastroduodenostomy
- Billroth II Gastrojejunostomy
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Duodenal ulcer
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Esophageal repair of esophageal atresia
- Esophagectomy
- Gastrectomy
- High carbohydrate diet (sugar)
- Hyperosmolar diet
- Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- Pyloromyotomy
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
- Vagotomy
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
References
- ↑ Machella TE (1948). "The Mechanism of the Post-Gastrectomy "Dumping" Syndrome". Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc. 60: 206–31. PMC 2242050. PMID 21407698.
- ↑ Boshier PR, Huddy JR, Zaninotto G, Hanna GB (2017). "Dumping syndrome after esophagectomy: a systematic review of the literature". Dis. Esophagus. 30 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/dote.12488. PMID 27859950.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Borrelli D, Borrelli A, Presenti L, Bergamini C, Basili G (2007). "[Surgical approach of the functional post-partial gastrectomy syndromes]". Ann Ital Chir (in Italian). 78 (1): 3–10. PMID 17518323.
- ↑ Ihász M, Réfi M, Kiss L, Pályi A, Váczi F, Bátorfi J (1977). "Dumping syndrome and diarrhoea after vagotomy". Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung. 18 (1): 1–12. PMID 596068.
- ↑ Samuk I, Afriat R, Horne T, Bistritzer T, Barr J, Vinograd I (1996). "Dumping syndrome following Nissen fundoplication, diagnosis, and treatment". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 23 (3): 235–40. PMID 8890072.
- ↑ "Chronic Diarrhea After Gallbladder Surgery".
- ↑ van Kempen, A. A. M. W.; Hoekstra, J. H.; Willekens, F. G. J.; Kneepkens, C. M. F.; Pittschieler, K. (1992). "Dumping syndrome after combined pyloroplasty and fundoplication". European Journal of Pediatrics. 151 (7): 546–546. doi:10.1007/BF01957766. ISSN 0340-6199.
- ↑ Michaud L, Sfeir R, Couttenier F, Turck D, Gottrand F (2010). "Dumping syndrome after esophageal atresia repair without antireflux surgery". J. Pediatr. Surg. 45 (4): E13–5. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.01.016. PMID 20385264.
- ↑ Tzovaras G, Papamargaritis D, Sioka E, Zachari E, Baloyiannis I, Zacharoulis D, Koukoulis G (2012). "Symptoms suggestive of dumping syndrome after provocation in patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy". Obes Surg. 22 (1): 23–8. doi:10.1007/s11695-011-0461-7. PMID 21647622.
- ↑ Hejazi RA, Patil H, McCallum RW (2010). "Dumping syndrome: establishing criteria for diagnosis and identifying new etiologies". Dig. Dis. Sci. 55 (1): 117–23. doi:10.1007/s10620-009-0939-5. PMID 19714467.
- ↑ Dubois A, Eerdewegh PV, Gardner JD (1977). "Gastric emptying and secretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome". J. Clin. Invest. 59 (2): 255–63. doi:10.1172/JCI108636. PMC 333355. PMID 833274.
- ↑ Eagon JC, Miedema BW, Kelly KA (1992). "Postgastrectomy syndromes". Surg. Clin. North Am. 72 (2): 445–65. PMID 1549803.
- ↑ Zarate N, Farmer AD, Grahame R, Mohammed SD, Knowles CH, Scott SM, Aziz Q (2010). "Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and joint hypermobility: is connective tissue the missing link?". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 22 (3): 252–e78. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01421.x. PMID 19840271.