Glioblastoma multiforme laboratory tests
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marjan Khan M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Biomarkers are potentially a non-invasive and universal diagnostic tool that focuses on molecular markers over the phenotypic differences described through biopsy. GBM microvesicles may prove to be useful in this respect. Microvesicles are plasma membrane-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are released from cells through membrane fission and can carry mRNA, miRNA, and proteins from the parent cell. When these microvesicles are GBM derived, the tumor-specific contents can adjust the nearby microenvironment to be more hospitable to tumor growth. Patient serum may provide prognostic information as it has also been used to detect a small non-coding RNA, RNU6-1, which is an independent predictor of GBM. Clearly, the serum composition of GBM patients should be further studied as it may non-invasively provide highly valuable prognostic information for treating GBM beyond the current paradigms.
Laboratory Tests
- Biomarkers are potentially a non-invasive and diagnostic tool that focuses on molecular markers over the phenotypic differences.
- Microvesicles are plasma membrane-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are released from cells and can carry mRNA.
- When these microvesicles are GBM derived the tumor-specific contents can adjust the nearby microenvironment to be more hospitable to tumor growth.
- Microfluidic chips can be used to detect microvesicles in the bloodstream.
- Microfludic have been shown to detect a significant dose-dependent post-temozolomide (TMZ) treatment decline in microvesicle populations.
- Microvesicles can model the profile of the tumor cell including changes in IDH-1, EGFR, and EGFRvIII.
- The information provided by microvesicle detection may provide a quick and non-invasive biomarker of GBM status using patient blood samples.
- Many peptides have been found to change in CSF samples between normal and GBM patients.
- Increase in albumin, osteopontin, and others might suggest that peptide levels in the CSF reflect changes in the nervous system environment that could be used to determine the status of a GBM tumor.
- Routine blood sampling after GBM resection may allow early detection of recurrence, thus reducing the time from tumor regrowth to second-line treatment.