Glottal stop

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This article is about the sound. For the letter, see glottal stop (letter).

Template:Infobox IPA The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:IPA. The glottal stop is the sound made when the vocal cords are pressed together to stop the flow of air and then released; for example, the break separating the syllables of the interjection uh-oh. While this segment is not a phoneme in English, it is present in nearly all dialects of English as an allophone of /t/. Some foreign language learning texts (e.g. Arabic) spend considerable space explaining this sound (in non-technical terms) to English speakers, although most English speakers make this consonant easily and daily.

In the traditional Romanization of many languages, such as Arabic, the glottal stop is transcribed with an apostrophe, <’>, and this is the source of the IPA letter Template:IPA. In many Polynesian languages which use the Latin alphabet, however, the glottal stop is written with a reversed apostrophe, <‘> (called ‘okina in Hawaiian), which, confusingly, is also used to transcribe the ayin Arabic and is the source of the IPA character for the voiced pharyngeal fricative <Template:IPA>.

Features

Features of the glottal stop:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz аи Template:IPA 'no' See Abkhaz phonology
Arabic Standard[1] ألله Template:IPA 'God, 'Allah' See Arabic phonology
Metropolitan dialects[2] example needed Template:IPA -- Corresponds to Template:IPA in Standard Arabic.
Bikol ba-go Template:IPA 'new'
Burmese မ္ရစ္‌မ္ယား Template:IPA 'rivers'
Cebuano bag-o Template:IPA 'new'
Chamorro halu'u Template:IPA 'shark'
Chechen йоI / yoj Template:IPA 'girl'
Czech používat Template:IPA 'to use' See Czech phonology
Danish hånd Template:IPA 'hand' See Danish phonology
Dutch[3] beamen Template:IPA 'to confirm' See Dutch phonology
English Cockney[4] cat Template:IPA 'cat' Allophone of Template:IPA. See glottalization and English phonology
GA Template:IPA
RP[5] button Template:IPA 'button'
Finnish linja-auto Template:IPA 'bus' See Finnish phonology
French[6] les hérissons Template:IPA 'the hedgehogs' Some dialects. May be Template:IPA instead. See French phonology
German northern dialects Beamter Template:IPA 'civil servant' See German phonology
Guaraní avañe Template:IPA 'Guaraní' Occurs only between vowels
Hawaiian [[Hawaiian alphabet|Template:OkinaeleTemplate:Okinaele]] Template:IPA 'black' See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew אָלֶף־בֵית Template:IPA 'alphabet' See Hebrew phonology
Indonesian bakso Template:IPA 'meatball' Allophone of Template:IPA or Template:IPA in the syllable coda
Kabardian Iэ Template:IPA 'to tell'
Maltese qattus Template:IPA 'cat'
Persian معني Template:IPA 'meaning' See Persian phonology
Pirahã baíxi Template:IPA 'parent'
Rotuman[7] [[Latin alphabet|Template:Unicode]] Template:IPA 'to box'
Seri he Template:IPA 'I'
Tagalog iihi Template:IPA 'will urinate'
Tahitian [[Latin alphabet|puaTemplate:Okinaa ]] Template:IPA 'pig'
Tongan [[Latin alphabet|tuTemplate:Okinau ]] Template:IPA 'stand'
Vietnamese a Template:IPA 'by the way' See Vietnamese phonology
Võro piniq Template:IPA 'dogs'
Welayta Template:IPA 'wet'

See also

References

Bibliography

Template:Consonants

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