Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2

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Identifiers
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External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
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UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
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Wikidata
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Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPT2 gene.

Function

This gene encodes a mitochondrial alanine transaminase, a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Alanine transaminases play roles in gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism in many tissues including skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver. Activating transcription factor 4 upregulates this gene under metabolic stress conditions in hepatocyte cell lines. A loss of function mutation in this gene has been associated with developmental encephalopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015].

Further reading

• Yang RZ, Blaileanu G, Hansen BC, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW (March 2002). "cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase". Genomics. 79 (3): 445–50. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6722. PMID 11863375.
• Ding Y, Zhao L, Mei H, Huang ZH, Zhang SL (November 2006). "Alterations of biliary biochemical constituents and cytokines in infantile hepatitis syndrome". World J. Gastroenterol. 12 (43): 7038–41. PMC 4087351. PMID 17109502.
• Fraser A, Ebrahim S, Smith GD, Lawlor DA (July 2007). "A comparison of associations of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin in women with and without diabetes". Hepatology. 46 (1): 158–65. doi:10.1002/hep.21667. PMID 17596883.
• Glinghammar B, Rafter I, Lindström AK, Hedberg JJ, Andersson HB, Lindblom P, Berg AL, Cotgreave I (May 2009). "Detection of the mitochondrial and catalytically active alanine aminotransferase in human tissues and plasma". Int. J. Mol. Med. 23 (5): 621–31. PMID 19360321.
• Hendrickson SL, Lautenberger JA, Chinn LW, Malasky M, Sezgin E, Kingsley LA, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Gomperts ED, Buchbinder SP, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ (September 2010). "Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression". PLoS ONE. 5 (9): e12862. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012862. PMC 2943476. PMID 20877624.
• Salgado MC, Metón I, Anemaet IG, Baanante IV (2014). "Activating transcription factor 4 mediates up-regulation of alanine aminotransferase 2 gene expression under metabolic stress". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1839 (4): 288–96. doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.01.005. PMID 24418603.
• Celis K, Shuldiner S, Haverfield EV, Cappell J, Yang R, Gong DW, Chung WK (September 2015). "Loss of function mutation in glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) causes developmental encephalopathy". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 38 (5): 941–8. doi:10.1007/s10545-015-9824-x. PMC 4919120. PMID 25758935.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.