Group B streptococcal infection physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]
Overview
The physical examination of neonates with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection reveals lethargy, cyanosis, an unstable temperature that can be either high or low, tachycardia, and breathing difficulty. The breathing difficulty is manifested by flaring of the nostrils, grunting, and tachypnea with short periods of apnea. Hypotension might also be present. In case of early-onset GBS infection, the 5 minutes apgar score of the newborn may be low.[1]
Physical Examination of Neonates
Appearance of the Patient
- The newborn appear lethargic and irritable with bluish color to skin, cold skin, and difficulty breathing.
Vitals
Temperature
- The temperature can be unstable, being either high or low
Pulse
Rate
- Tachycardia may be present
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension may be present
Respiratory Rate
- Tachypnea may be present
Respiration
- Breathing difficulty may be noted, including flaring of the nostrils, grunting, rapid labored breathing with short periods of apnea
Skin
Extremities
- Cyanosis may be present
- Cold extremities may be present
References
- ↑ Mayor-Lynn K, González-Quintero VH, O'Sullivan MJ, Hartstein AI, Roger S, Tamayo M (2005). "Comparison of early-onset neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli and group B Streptococcus". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 192 (5): 1437–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.031. PMID 15902130.