Hand-foot-and-mouth disease causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease may be caused by the following viral organisms Coxsackie viruses (Coxsackievirus A2, A4 to A10, A16, B2, B3, B5), Echo virus (Echovirus 1, 4, 7, 19) and Enteroviruses (A71).
Causes
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease may be caused by the following organisms:[1]
- The viruses which are most common causes and responsible for larger outbreaks are Coxsackie viruses A16 and enteroviruses A71.
- Although enterovirus A71 is the cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease world wide, it is the major cause of largest outbreak in the Asia-Pacific regions.It causes more severe infection in children leading to neurological complications and death.[2][3][4]
| Viruses | Serotypes |
|---|---|
| Coxsackieviruses | A2, A4 to A10, A16, B2, B3, B5 |
| Echoviruses | 1, 4, 7, 19 |
| Enteroviruses | A71 |
United states
The most common cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in the United States is coxsackie virus A16, but can also be caused by other coxsackie virus.[5]
References
- ↑ Hand-foot-and-mouth disease http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/transmission.html (2016) Accessed on October 18,2016
- ↑ Solomon T, Lewthwaite P, Perera D, Cardosa MJ, McMinn P, Ooi MH (2010). "Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71". Lancet Infect Dis. 10 (11): 778–90. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70194-8. PMID 20961813.
- ↑ Gao LD, Hu SX, Zhang H, Luo KW, Liu YZ, Xu QH; et al. (2014). "Correlation analysis of EV71 detection and case severity in hand, foot, and mouth disease in the Hunan Province of China". PLoS One. 9 (6): e100003. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100003. PMC 4062471. PMID 24941257.
- ↑ Hu HY, Qiao R, Sheng Q, Sheng L, Zhao BZ, Li YW; et al. (2012). "[Detection the pathogens and analysis the clinical characteristics in children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanghai during 2009-2011]". Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 26 (5): 341–3. PMID 23547454.
- ↑ CDC HFMD https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a5.htm (2012) Accessed on October 20, 2016