Hearing impairment causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Causes based on each organ system, mode of injury, anatomy of ear, and choronicity are listed below.

Causes

Conductive

Sensorineural

Mixed

Miscellaneous

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Wegener's granulomatosis
Chemical / poisoning Bromates, Lead poisoning, Lobeline, Mercury poisoning, Fetal methylmercury syndrome
Dermatologic Keratosis obturans
Drug Side Effect Amikacin, Amphotericin B, Aspirin, Bumetanide, Capreomycin, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Deferasirox, Desferrioxamine, Etacrynic acid, Ethacrynic acid, Frusemide, Gentamicin, Isotretinoin, Kanamycin, Loop diuretics, Neomycin, Netilmicin, Nitrogen mustard, Quinine, Streptomycin, Sulfasalazine, Vancomycin
Ear Nose Throat Acoustic neuroma, Adenoid hypertrophy, Aural polyps, Branchiootic dysplasia, Cholesteatoma, Eustachian tube dysfunction, Glue ear, Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen, Keratosis obturans, Labrynthitis, Labyrinthitis ossificans, Meniere disease, Mondini Dysplasia, Nasopharyngeal cancer, Nonsuppurative otitis media, Oculovestibuloauditory syndrome, Otitis externa, Presbycusis, Suppurative otitis media, Tympanic membrane perforation, Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss, Otodental dysplasia, Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1, Otosclerosis, Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial, Middle ear effusion, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Strachan syndrome, Malignant external ear canal tumor, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Barotitis Media, Tympanic membrane rupture, Cerumen impaction, Ear wax
Endocrine Hypothyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic 17- beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase X deficiency, ABCD syndrome, Acrocephalosyndactylia, Alopecia mental retardation syndrome, Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency (Hurler syndrome), Alport syndrome, Alström syndrome, Apert syndrome, Arias oculootoradial syndrome, ARTS syndrome, Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness type 1, Barakat syndrome, Bart-Pumphrey syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Biotinidase deficiency, Bjornstad syndrome, Black locks, oculocutaneous albinism, and deafness of the sensorineural type, Blau syndrome, BOR syndrome, BOR-Duane hydrocephalus contiguous gene syndrome, Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome, BRESHECK syndrome, Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome, Canavan disease, CATSPER-related male infertility, Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome, Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked 1, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive type 5, Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, Chromosome 1, deletion q21 q25, Chromosome 1, monosomy 1p22 p13, Chromosome 17 trisomy mosaicism, Chromosome 18, deletion 18q23, Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication, Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25, Cockayne syndrome, Colobomatous microphthalmia-heart disease-hearing loss, Combined pituitary hormone deficiency 3 (LHX gene), Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, Craniometaphyseal dysplasia, Jackson type, Cushing proximal symphalangism, Davenport-Donlan syndrome, Deafness onychodystrophy syndrome, autosomal dominant, Dentinogenesis imperfecta-short stature-hearing loss-mental retardation, Diabetes-deafness syndrome maternally transmitted, DIDMOAD syndrome, Donnai-Barrow syndrome, Down syndrome, Duane-radial ray syndrome, Emanuel syndrome, Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, Epstein macrothrombocytopenia syndrome, Exostosis of external auditory canal, Fabry disease, Fabry's Disease, Faisalabad histiocytosis, Familial Danish dementia, Fanconi anaemia, Fechtner syndrome, Fine-Lubinsky syndrome, Galactosamine-6-sulfatase deficiency, Galactose epimerase deficiency, Gangliosidosis GM1, type 1, Goldenhar syndrome, Goldscheider disease, Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome, Harboyan syndrome, Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss, Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1A, Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1B, Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1E, Hunter syndrome, Hunter-Mcdonald syndrome, Hystrix-like ichthyosis with deafness, I-cell disease, Iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency, Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia, Jacobsen syndrome, Jensen syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, Johnson-Mcmillin syndrome, Jones syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, Keutel syndrome, Kjer-type optic atrophy, Klippel Feil deformity conductive deafness absent vagina, Klippel-Feil syndrome, Kniest dysplasia, Lacrimoauriculodentodigital syndrome, LAMM syndrome, Lange Nielsen syndrome, Larsen syndrome, Lenz-Majewski hyperostosis syndrome, Levy-Hollister syndrome, Lobstein's disease, Loken Senior syndrome, Mandibuloacral dysplasia, Marshall syndrome, May-White syndrome, MELAS, Melnick-Fraser syndrome, MERRF, Microcephaly, Growth Retardation, Cataract, Hearing Loss, and Unusual Appearance, MNGIE syndrome, Mohr-Claussen syndrome, Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome, Monosomy 1p36 syndrome, Morquio Disease, Muckle-Wells syndrome, Mucolipidosis II , Mucosulfatidosis, Muenke syndrome, Multiple lentigines syndrome, Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency, Multiple synostoses syndrome type 1, MURCS association, Myhre syndrome, Myositis ossificans progressiva, Nager acrofacial dysostosis, Nance perilymphatic gusher-deafness syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 2, Neuropathy-ataxia-retinitis pigmentosa, Nievergelt-Pearlman syndrome syndrome, Nonsyndromic deafness, Norrie disease, Okihiro syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis, Osteopathia striata, cranial sclerosis, Osteopetrosis (malignant), Otodental dysplasia, Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1, Otosclerosis, Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, Paget disease of bone, Palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness, Pendred syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase deficiency, Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity, Polyneuropathy, Hearing Loss, Ataxia, Retinitis Pigmentosa and Cataract, Polyostotic osteolytic expansile dysplasia, Postaxial acrofacial dysostosis syndrome, Prolonged QT syndrome variant, Propionic acidemia, Recessive deafness-onychodystrophy-osteodystrophy-retardation syndrome, Refsum disease, Richards-Rundle syndrome, Robinow Syndrome, Robinson syndrome, Rosenberg-Chutorian Syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, Sanfilippo disease, Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis, SeSAME syndrome, Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Sotos syndrome, Soto's syndrome, Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, Spondyloperipheral dysplasia, Steinfeld syndrome, Stickler syndrome, Succinyl-CoA synthetase deficiency, Teunissen-Cremers syndrome, Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome, Tietz hypopigmentation-deafness syndrome, Townes-Brocks syndrome, Treacher Collins type syndrome, Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome, Upper limb defect eye and ear abnormalities, Usher syndrome, Van Buchem disease, Verloes Gillerot Fryns syndrome , Verloes-David Syndrome, Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial, Vohwinkel mutilating keratoderma, Vohwinkel syndrome, Wardenberg's Syndrome , Wildervanck syndrome, Willems De vries syndrome , Wittwer sydnrome, Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome, Wolfram syndrome, Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, Wright dick syndrome, Xeroderma pigmentosum, X-linked diffuse leiomyomatosis-Alport syndrome, X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome, X-linked mixed hearing loss with stapes fixation, Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome, Zellweger spectrum, Ziprkowski-Adam syndrome, Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, Sickle cell anemia
Hematologic Polycythemia vera, Sickle cell anemia, Fanconi anaemia, Leukemia
Iatrogenic Mastoidectomy, Middle ear irradiation, Myringoplasty, Myringotomy, Nasopharynx irradiation, Radiotherapy, Skull irradiation
Infectious Disease Adenoiditis, Epstein-Barr virus , Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, Influenza, Lassa fever, Lyme Disease, Mastoiditis, Measles, Meningitis, Meningococcal disease, Meningoencephalitis, Middle ear effusion, Middle ear infection, Mumps, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Rickettsiae, Rocky mountain spotted fever, Rubella, Tertiary Syphilis, TORCH Syndrome, Typhus fever, Upper respiratory tract infection, Suppurative otitis media, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Congenital rubella infection , Congenital syphilis infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Acrocephalosyndactylia, Lobstein's disease, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteopetrosis (malignant), Paget disease of bone, Temporal bone fracture
Neurologic Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis, Basilar artery migraine, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Cerebral palsy, Glomus jugulare tumor, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial space-occupying lesion, Kernicterus, Multiple sclerosis, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Strachan syndrome, Sudanophilic cerebral sclerosis, Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, Kallmann syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 2, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Head injury
Nutritional / Metabolic Fabry's Disease, Galactosamine-6-sulfatase deficiency, Galactose epimerase deficiency, Gangliosidosis GM1, type 1, I-cell disease, Morquio Disease, Mucolipidosis II , Mucosulfatidosis, Propionic acidemia, Succinyl-CoA synthetase deficiency, Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Congenital rubella infection , Congenital syphilis infection, Fetal methylmercury syndrome, Neonatal jaundice, Pregnancy, TORCH Syndrome
Oncologic Leukemia, Malignant external ear canal tumor, Metastases, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Paraganglioma, Acoustic neuroma, Nasopharyngeal cancer, Glomus jugulare tumor
Opthalmologic Strachan syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Amikacin, Amphotericin B, Aspirin, Bumetanide, Capreomycin, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Desferrioxamine, Etacrynic acid, Ethacrynic acid, Frusemide, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Loop diuretics, Neomycin, Netilmicin, Nitrogen mustard, Quinine, Streptomycin, Vancomycin
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Branchiootic dysplasia
Renal / Electrolyte Berger's Disease
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergic rhinitis, Macroglobulinemia, Polychondritis, Susac syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Oculovestibuloauditory syndrome, Multiple sclerosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Barotitis Media, Barotrauma, Ear trauma , Head injury, Skull fracture, Temporal bone fracture, Tympanic membrane rupture
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Aging, Cerumen impaction, Ear wax, Forein body in the ear, Noise-induced hearing loss, Physical straining (barotrauma), Rapid descent in air or water (barotrauma)

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References