Heart transplantation epidemiology and demographics
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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [1]Ifrah Fatima, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
About 4,000 heart transplants occur annually and about 2,200 per year in the United States. The leading indications for transplant in adult recipients is non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The median recipient age is 55 years. Death due to acute graft rejection is highest in the first 30 days and infectious complications are the leading cause in the first year. Post-transplant survival has improved over time.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Reporting of transplant statistics to the Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is required in the US, but not other countries. According to The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-sixth adult heart transplantation report — 2019: [1] [2]
Incidence
- The incidence of heart transplants is approximately 4,000 heart transplants worldwide and about 2,200 per year in the United States, according to the ISHLT
- The volume of heart transplants reported to the ISHLT Registry is significantly higher owing to higher donor availability.
- In the year 1980s-1990s, the incidence of heart transplants saw a steady increase, but numbers have since stabilized because of the limited number of donors.
Prevalence
- The prevalence of heart transplants is approximately 4,000 heart transplants worldwide and about 2,200 per year in the United States, according to the ISHLT
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The survival rate of post-transplant patients was approximately 12.5 years, between 2002 and 2009. [1]
- The 1-year survival is 84.5% and 5-year survival is 72.5%. [3]
- Post-transplant survival has improved over time.
- Causes of death in the long term have not changed in recent years. Death due to acute graft rejection is highest in the first 30 days and infectious complications are the leading cause in the first year.
Age
- The incidence of cardiac transplantation increases with age; median recipient age is 55 years.
- Median donor age in Europe has increased to 45 years and remains relatively stable in North America at 28 years and other countries at 31 years.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to cardiac transplantation.
Gender
- males undergo cardiac transplant more commonly than women, according to the data from the ISHLT between 2009-2016. [4]
Region
- The majority of heart transplant cases are reported in the United States.
- The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) compiles the data of cardiac transplants and other involved statistics in the United States.
- Reporting of transplant statistics to the Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is required in the US, but not other countries.
Developed Countries
- Reporting of transplant statistics to the Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is required in the US, but not other countries. [1]
Developing Countries
- Reporting of transplant statistics to the Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is required in the US, but not other countries. [1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Khush KK, Cherikh WS, Chambers DC, Harhay MO, Hayes D, Hsich E; et al. (2019). "The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-sixth adult heart transplantation report - 2019; focus theme: Donor and recipient size match". J Heart Lung Transplant. 38 (10): 1056–1066. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.004. PMC 6816343 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31548031. - ↑ https://ishlt.org/
- ↑ Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Christie JD, Dipchand AI; et al. (2014). "The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-first official adult heart transplant report--2014; focus theme: retransplantation". J Heart Lung Transplant. 33 (10): 996–1008. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2014.08.003. PMID 25242124.
- ↑ Kim IC, Youn JC, Kobashigawa JA (2018). "The Past, Present and Future of Heart Transplantation". Korean Circ J. 48 (7): 565–590. doi:10.4070/kcj.2018.0189. PMC 6031715. PMID 29968430.