Hematemesis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jinhui Wu, M.D.
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Overview
History
- Any esopho-gastric symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and epigastic tenderness may indicate peptic ulcer disease.
- Dark colored, tar like stools (a condition known as melena). This usually supports upper GI bleed as opposed to lower GI bleed.
- Any significant psychiatric history or symptoms of severe depression or psychosis may indicate iatrogenic upper GI bleed related to pill esophagitis, foreign body ingestion, or munchausen syndrome by proxy (a reason for recurrent hematemesis in children).
- Associated bleeding in other organs (skin, mucosal bleed, GU, joints, etc) indicates coagulopathy (ITP, hemophila, heparin, von willebrand disease, etc).
- Features of associated intestinal duplication, congenital cysts, etc..
- Facial flushing, intermittent diarrhea, and abdominal pain indicate carcinoid syndrome, a rare cause of upper GI bleed.
- Severe and diffuse upper GI ulcerations with chronic diarrhea usually indicate Zollinger Ellison syndrome or gastrenoma.
Symptoms
Patients may experience the following symptoms:
- Vomiting blood
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue and weakness
- Sweat
- Dark colored, tar like stools
- Hypotension
- Shock
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms.