Hematuria other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adnan Ezici, M.D[2] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
Cystoscopy may be helpful in the evaluation of the lower urinary tract to rule out cancer, especially bladder cancer, in patients with gross hematuria without another explanation. Biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a procedure for the resection of bladder cancer that also provides a sample for biopsy. Kidney biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of glomeruler diseases and it might be required in the presence of dysmorphic red blood cells or red blood cell casts.
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Cystoscopy may be helpful in the evaluation of the lower urinary tract to rule out cancer (especially bladder cancer) in patients with gross hematuria without another explanation.[1] Initial diagnostic cystoscopy can be performed in the urologist's office using a flexible cystoscope under local anesthesia; this is a quick procedure that does not require sedation. Flexible cystoscopy has diagnostic accuracy equal or superior to rigid cystoscopy. Flexible cystoscopy is superior to rigid cystoscopy in the evaluation of the anterior bladder neck. However, if a lesion is detected that requires a biopsy, a rigid cystoscopy will be needed.[2]
- Bladder biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Furthermore, the biopsy is crucial for optimizing the treatment plan while it reveals the stage and the grade of the tumor. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a procedure for the resection of bladder cancer that also provides a sample for biopsy.[3]
- Kidney biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of glomeruler diseases. In patients with dysmorphic red blood cells or red blood cell casts, kidney biopsy might be required.[4]
References
- ↑ Ingelfinger JR (July 2021). "Hematuria in Adults". N Engl J Med. 385 (2): 153–163. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1604481. PMID 34233098 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Rew, Karl (2010). Primary care urology. Philadelphia, Pa. London: Saunders. ISBN 978-1437724899.
- ↑ Compérat E, Varinot J, Moroch J, Eymerit-Morin C, Brimo F (2018). "A practical guide to bladder cancer pathology". Nat Rev Urol. 15 (3): 143–154. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2018.2. PMID 29384523.
- ↑ Saleem MO, Hamawy K. PMID 30480952. Missing or empty
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