Hemorrhagic stroke risk factors
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Hemorrhagic stroke Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2015) |
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AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2012) |
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AHA/ASA Guideline Recommendation for the Primary Prevention of Stroke (2014) |
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AHA/ASA Guideline Recommendations for Prevention of Stroke in Women (2014) Sex-Specific Risk Factors
Risk Factors Commoner in Women |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Common risk factors in the development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) include:[1][2][3]
- Anticoagulation medication
- Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin
- Acquired or congenital coagulation factor disorders
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Liver disease
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Hemophilias
- Acquired qualitative or quantitative platelet abnormalities
- Embolic strokes
- Hypertension
- Sickle Cell Anemia
New anticoagulant medications such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban appear to be associated with a lower risk of ICH than VKAs. [4]
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Common risk factors in the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) include:[5][6][7][8][9]
- Positive family history
- Alcoholism
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Abnormal connective tissue
- Female gender
- African race
- Japanese or Finnish descent
References
- ↑ Huhtakangas J, Tetri S, Juvela S, Saloheimo P, Bode MK, Hillbom M. Effect of increased warfarin use on warfarin-related cerebral hemor- rhage: a longitudinal population-based study. Stroke. 2011;42:2431– 2435. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.615260.
- ↑ Rådberg JA, Olsson JE, Rådberg CT. Prognostic parameters in sponta- neous intracerebral hematomas with special reference to anticoagulant treatment. Stroke. 1991;22:571–576. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.22.5.571.
- ↑ Flaherty ML, Kissela B, Woo D, Kleindorfer D, Alwell K, Sekar P, Moomaw CJ, Haverbusch M, Broderick JP. The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007;68:116–121. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000250340.05202.8b.
- ↑ Chatterjee S, Sardar P, Biondi-Zoccai G, Kumbhani DJ. New oral anticoagulants and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage: traditional and Bayesian meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparison of random- ized trials of new oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:1486–1490. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4021
- ↑ van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ (2001). "Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management". Brain. 124 (Pt 2): 249–78. PMID 11157554.
- ↑ Bromberg JEC, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, Greebe P, van Duyn CM, Hasan D, et al. Subarachnoid haemorrhage in first and second degree relatives of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. BMJ 1995; 311: 288–9.
- ↑ Schievink, Wouter I., et al. "Saccular intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3.1 (1992): 88-95.
- ↑ Van den Berg, J. S. P., M. Limburg, and R. C. M. Hennekam. "Is Marfan syndrome associated with symptomatic intracranial aneurysms?." Stroke 27.1 (1996): 10-12
- ↑ Teunissen LL, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, van Gijn J. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage – a systematic review. Stroke 1996; 27: 544–9.