Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis
|
Hemothorax Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemothorax natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Irfan Dotani Joanna Ekabua, M.D. [2]
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.
Overview
Bleeding into the pleural space is exposed to the motion of the diaphragm, lungs, and other intrathoracic structures. The agitation of cardiac and respiratory movement defibrinates the blood, and a fibrin clot thus formed is deposited on the layers of pleura. After several hours, clot formation is inevitable and it should be evacuated. if left untreated, it may progress to develop some complications.
Natural History
Bleeding into the pleural space is exposed to the motion of the diaphragm, lungs, and other intrathoracic structures. The agitation of cardiac and respiratory movement defibrinates the blood, and a fibrin clot thus formed is deposited on the layers of pleura. Within several hours of cessation of bleeding, clot formation is inevitable and it will be difficult to remove. The membrane continues to thicken by progressive deposition, so the clotted haemothorax should be evacuated within a reasonable time after the onset of bleeding. Chronic and retained hemothorax may progress to develop respiratory distress, lung entrapment with impaired pulmonary function, retained clot, chronic fibrothorax, empyema and extended hospitalization if left untreated.[1][2][3][4][5]
Complications
Common complications of hemothorax includeref name[2][3][5][6][7]
- Respiratory distress
- Lung entrapment
- Impaired pulmonary function
- Retained clot
- Chronic fibrothorax
- Empyema
- Extended hospitalization
- Atelectasis
- Pneumonia
Prognosis
The morbidity and mortality rate of hemothorax correlates with the cause and the severity of the injury. Patients with retained hemothorax are at higher risk of developing empyema leading to prolonged Intensive care unit/hospital stay.[8]
References
- ↑ Janik M, Straka L, Krajcovic J, Hejna P, Hamzik J, Novomesky F (2014). "Non-traumatic and spontaneous hemothorax in the setting of forensic medical examination: a systematic literature survey". Forensic Sci Int. 236: 22–9. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.013. PMID 24529771.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kumar S, Rathi V, Rattan A, Chaudhary S, Agarwal N (2015). "VATS versus intrapleural streptokinase: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial for optimum treatment of post-traumatic Residual Hemothorax". Injury. 46 (9): 1749–52. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.02.028. PMID 25813733.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Boersma WG, Stigt JA, Smit HJ (2010). "Treatment of haemothorax". Respir Med. 104 (11): 1583–7. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.08.006. PMID 20817498.
- ↑ Miyahara S, Iwasaki A (2015). "[Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemothorax]". Kyobu Geka. 68 (8): 650–3. PMID 26197910.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Karmy-Jones R, Holevar M, Sullivan RJ, Fleisig A, Jurkovich GJ (2008). "Residual hemothorax after chest tube placement correlates with increased risk of empyema following traumatic injury". Can Respir J. 15 (5): 255–8. doi:10.1155/2008/918951. PMC 2679547. PMID 18716687.
- ↑ Tian Y, Zheng W, Zha N, Wang Y, Huang S, Guo Z (2018). "Thoracoscopic decortication for the management of trapped lung caused by 14-year pneumothorax: A case report". Thorac Cancer. 9 (8): 1074–1077. doi:10.1111/1759-7714.12770. PMC 6068443. PMID 29802756.
- ↑ Gleeson T, Blehar D (2018). "Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Trauma". Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 39 (4): 374–383. doi:10.1053/j.sult.2018.03.007. PMID 30070230.
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 30855807.