Hospital-acquired pneumonia physical examination
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Physical examination is important in diagnosing hospital-acquired pneumonia, finding include fever, tachypnea, rhonchi, crackles and wheezes. For ventilator-associated pneumonia, a deterioration in ventilator parameters such as, tachypnea, decreased tidal volume, increased minute ventilation, or decreased oxygen saturation could be the first indicators of a new onset ventilator-associated pneumonia.[1]
Physical Examination
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Vitals
- Decreased oxygen saturation
- Fever
- Hypotension < 90 mm Hg
- Tachycardia > 125 beats/min
- Tachypnea
Lungs
Palpation
- Increased tactile fremitus
Percussion
- Dullness on percussion
Auscultation
- Decreased breath sounds
- Bronchial breath sounds
- Rhonchi
- Crackles, Rales
- Increased vocal fremitus
References
- ↑ Koenig, S. M.; Truwit, J. D. (2006). "Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 19 (4): 637–657. doi:10.1128/CMR.00051-05. ISSN 0893-8512.
- ↑ Russell, G. (2001). "Community acquired pneumonia". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 85 (6): 445–446. doi:10.1136/adc.85.6.445. ISSN 0003-9888.