Kremen protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KREMEN1gene.[1][2]Kremen1 is conserved in chordates including amphioxus[3] and most vertebrate species.[4] The protein is a type I transmembrane receptor of ligands Dickkopf1,[5] Dickkopf2, Dickkopf3, Dickkopf4, EpCAM[6] and Rspondin1.
Function
This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor that functionally cooperates with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein is a component of a membrane complex that modulates canonical WNT signaling through lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). It contains extracellular kringle, WSC, and CUB domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene.[2]
Kremen1 also has a function in the induction of cell death by apoptosis.[4] This proapototic activity is conditional and depends on the absence of ligand Dickkopf1.[4] These observations led to the classification of this protein as a Dependence Receptor.
A mouse knock out of Kremen1 and its paralog Kremen2 is viable and fertile.[7]
References
↑Nakamura T, Aoki S, Kitajima K, Takahashi T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T (Mar 2001). "Molecular cloning and characterization of Kremen, a novel kringle-containing transmembrane protein". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1518 (1–2): 63–72. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00168-3. PMID11267660.
↑Zhang, Yujun; Mao, Bingyu (2010-09-01). "Embryonic expression and evolutionary analysis of the amphioxus Dickkopf and Kremen family genes". Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 37 (9): 637–645. doi:10.1016/S1673-8527(09)60082-5. ISSN1673-8527. PMID20933216.
Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, et al. (2005). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID15146197.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID14702039.
