Klinefelter's syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Klinefelter's syndrome Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Complications
In these patients, GSTs usually contain nonseminomatous elements, present at an earlier age, and seldom are testicular in location.
The syndrome increases the risk of:
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Autoimmune disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren syndrome
- Breast cancer
- Depression
- Dyslexia
- 50 times greater risk of extragonadal germ cell tumor (a rare tumor)[1]
- Learning disabilities, despite normal or high IQ
- Lung disease
- Osteoporosis
- Varicose veins
Enlarged teeth with a thinning surface (taurodontism) is very common in Klinefelter's syndrome. It can be diagnosed by dental x-rays.
Prognosis
- Most patients have a normal, productive life.
References
- ↑ Mediastinal germ cell tumor in a child with precocious puberty and Klinefelter syndrome. Gregory G. Bebb, Frederic W. Grannis, Jr, Isaac B. Paz, Marilyn L. Slovak, Robert Chilcote. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;66:547-548. [http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/66/2/547 Online}