LRRC40 is conserved throughout all of its orthologs. The entire protein is highly conserved in mammals, while conservation is high within the leucine rich repeats in the rest of the orthologs.[2] Orthologs were found all the way back to the scarlet sea anemone and homologs were found in bacteria and Archaea using BLAST.[3] The following table gives information on the homologs of LRRC40.
LRRC40 is located on the negative DNA strand (see Sense (molecular biology)) of chromosome 1 from 70,611,483- 70,671,223.[20] The gene produces a 2958 base pairmRNA. There are 15 predicted exons in the human gene [5] with four other splice patterns predicted on GeneCards by the Alternative Splice Database.[21]
Gene neighborhood
LRRC40 is neighbored downstream by LRRC7 (70,225,888 - 70,587,570) on the positive DNA strand and upstream by SRSF11 (70,687,320-70,716,488) on the positive DNA strand.
Gene expression
LRRC40 is expressed between the 50th and 100th percentile in almost every tissue in the body.[22]
While the exact function of the LRRC40 protein is not yet understood, it is believed to participate in protein-protein interactions because it is a member of the leucine rich repeat family of proteins which are known to participate in protein-protein interactions.[23]
Properties
LRRC40 is a 602 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 68.254 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.04.[24] LRRC40 is expected to localize to the nucleus[25] and has no transmembrane domains to anchor it to the nuclear membrane. LRRC40 has many predicted phosphorylation sites. Of the 19 predicted phosphoserine sites, only two are conserved within the orthologs.[26] These two sites are S38 and S391.
Protein structure
The secondary structure of the protein has a pattern within the leucine repeat regions. Each leucine repeat has a β-sheet and α-helix. The image to the right shows the particular horseshoe-like structure of a protein with many leucine rich repeats. Depending on the area where the LRRs are located, other proteins can bind within the curve of the horseshoe or attach to the outside of the protein.
File:Inla S192n Protein Structure.pngStructure of the Inla S192n G194S protein without its binding partner, sHEC1. The binding site was left empty to show the highlights of the leucine rich repeats (in yellow) demonstrating the protein-binding properties of LRRs.[27]
Protein interactions
According to Genecards, LRRC40 has 756 possible protein interactions.[21] These interactions are based on results in the Molecular Interaction database which provided two possible protein interactions. The two proteins are described in the table below.
↑Kobe B, Kajava AV (December 2001). "The leucine-rich repeat as a protein recognition motif". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 11 (6): 725–32. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(01)00266-4. PMID11751054.
