Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3] Nazia Fuad M.D.
Overview
The most common causes for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis autoimmune diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, inherited complement deficiencies (esp C2 deficiency), scleroderma, Celiac disease .Chronic infections also play major role such as viral infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and cryoglobulinemia type II, bacterial infections such as endocarditis, infected ventriculoatrial (or jugular) shunt, multiple visceral abscesses, leprosy. Protozoal - malaria, schistosomiasis. Rare causes of MPGN include non-Hodgkin lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, snake venom, splenorenal shunt surgery for portal hypertension , melanoma, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis and Idiopathic MPGN .
Causes
Life- threatening Causes
There are no life-threatening causes of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. , however complications resulting from untreated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis are common.
Common Causes
Common causes of MPGN may include:[1][2][3]
- Immune complex–mediated disease
- Chronic infections
- Viral - Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and cryoglobulinemia type II
- Bacterial - Endocarditis, infected ventriculoatrial (or jugular) shunt, multiple visceral abscesses, leprosy
- Protozoal - Malaria, schistosomiasis
- Other infections - Mycoplasma, Lyme Disease[4]
- Miscellaneous - Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
- Chronic infections
- Chronic and recovered thrombotic microangiopathies
- Healing phase of hemolytic uremic syndrome and/or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Syndromes of circulating antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) antibodies
- Radiation nephritis
- Nephropathy associated with bone marrow transplantation
- Sickle cell anemia and polycythemia
- Transplant glomerulopathy
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of MPGN include
- Idiopathic forms of MPGN or of unknown association[5]
- MPGN type I
- MPGN type II or dense deposit disease.
- MPGN type III
- Paraprotein deposition diseases
- Glomerulonephropathies associated with cryoglobulinemia type I
- Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- Immunotactoid glomerulopathy
- Immunoglobulin light chain or heavy chain deposition diseases
- Fibrillary glomerulonephritis
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Snake venom
- Splenorenal shunt surgery for portal hypertension
- Melanoma
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Inherited complement deficiencies, specially C2 deficiency
Genetic Causes
- MPGN is caused by a mutation in the complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) gene.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Endocarditis, infected ventriculoatrial (or jugular) shunt |
| Chemical/Poisoning | Snake venom |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Melanoma, Leprosy |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Celiac disease, hepatitis B and C, chronic liver disease
Splenorenal shunt surgery for portal hypertension |
| Genetic | (CFHR5) gene mutation, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |
| Hematologic | Sickle cell anemia, polycythemia and non-hodgkin lymphoma, |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Viral - hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and cryoglobulinemia type II
Bacterial - endocarditis, infected ventriculoatrial (or jugular) shunt, multiple visceral abscesses, leprosy Protozoal - malaria, schistosomiasis Other infections - mycoplasma, lyme Disease |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Leprosy |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Lymphoma, leukemia, carcinoma |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Mycoplasma pneumonia, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Rnal cell carcinoma
Nephropathy associated with bone marrow transplantation Transplant glomerulopathy |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Immunoglobulin light chain or heavy chain deposition diseases |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Miscellaneous | Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency) |
References
- ↑ H. Terence Cook and Matthew C. Pickering (2014). "Histopathology of MPGN and C3 glomerulopathies". NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY.
- ↑ MICHELINE LEVY, MARIE-CLAIRE GUBLER, MIREILLE SICH, AGNES BEZIAU, AND RENE HABIB (1978). "lmmunopathology Glomerulonephritis of Membranoproliferative with Subendothelial Deposits". clinical immunology and immunopathology.
- ↑ Mårten Segelmark, Thomas Hellmark (2010). "Autoimmune kidney diseases". Elsevier.
- ↑ Dimitrios Kirmizis, MD, Georgios Efstratiadis, MD, Dominiki Economidou, MD, Evdoxia Diza-Mataftsi, MD, Maria Leontsini, MD, and Dimitrios Memmos, MD (2004). "MPGN Secondary to Lyme Disease". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 43.
- ↑ Fernando C. Fervenza, Sanjeev Sethi, and Richard J. Glassock (2012). "Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: does it exist?". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ( NDT ).