Microsporidiosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2] Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]
Overview
Symptoms of intestinal microsporidiosis include chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.[1]
History and Symptoms
History
History about the presence and risk factors of an immune compromised state should be assessed. The duration and severity of diarrhea should be investigated to stratify the risk for the presence of complications.
Symptoms
Microsporidiosis can affect many systems.[1][2]
Intestinal microsporidiosis
Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease.
- In immunocompetent individuals
- Intestinal microsporidiosis may be asymptomatic or causes transient diarrhea. In rare cases, it might cause chronic diarrhea.
- In immunocompromised individuals
- Chronic diarrhea: non-bloody watery diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
- It may be associated with nausea and vomiting.
Disseminated disease
- Symptoms of cholecystitis, renal failure, respiratory tract infection occur.
- Patients with respiratory tract involvement may present with a persistent cough, dyspnea, wheezing.
- Headache, nasal congestion or discharge, ocular pain and loss of taste may indicate that the sinus is involved.
- Patients with urinary tract infection may be frequently asymptomatic.
Eye involvement
Ocular involvement can cause keratitis which presents with;
- Red eye
- Excessive tearing
- Foreign body sensation
- Light sensitivity
- Blurred or decreased vision.
Musculoskeletal involvement
Dermatologic Microsporidiosis
- Nodular cutaneous lesions are seen in patients with HIV infection.
Central nervous system involvement
Microsporidiosis may present with symptoms of space occupying lesions such as:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wanke CA, DeGirolami P, Federman M (1996). "Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection and diarrheal disease in patients who were not infected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report and review". Clin. Infect. Dis. 23 (4): 816–8. PMID 8909851.
- ↑ Weber R, Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Owen RL (1994). "Human microsporidial infections". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7 (4): 426–61. PMC 358336. PMID 7834600.