Mycobacterium genavense
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| Mycobacterium genavense | ||||||||||||||
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| Mycobacterium genavense Böttger et al. 1993, ATCC 51234 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Mycobacterium genavense
Description
A slow-growing subspecies of Mycobacterium.
Gram-positive, and nonmotile acid-fast coccobacilli (1.0µm x 2.0µm). No formation of spores, capsules or aerial hyphae.
Colony characteristics
- Tiny, transparent, nonphotochromogenic and dysgonic colonies (on solid Middlebrook 7H11 medium MJ (Allied Laboratories).
Physiology
- Slow, fastidious growth in liquid media within 3-12 weeks at 31°C, 37°C and 42°C, with slightly better growth at 45°C.
- Primary cultures for isolation require liquid broth media such as BACTEC 12B medium, Middlebrook 7H9 medium.
- Acid broth media such as,BACTEC pyrazinamidase test medium, may facilitate primary isolation.
- No growth on standard solid media like Löwenstein-Jensen, unsupplemented Middlebrook 7H11 or Middlebrook 7H10 media.
- Visible growth on solid Middlebrook 7H11 medium supplemented with MJ after inoculation with a broth culture within 3–9 weeks.
- Susceptible to streptomycin and rifampicin
- Resistant to isoniazid and ethambutol
Differential characteristics
- Differentiation from other slowly growing mycobacteria by its fastidious growth.
- Closely related to M. simiae by evaluation of 16S rDNA sequences.
Pathogenesis
- Opportunistic pathogen. Clinically indistinguishable from generalised infections in patients with AIDS due to M. avium complex strains, but more related to gastro-intestinal disorders.
- Most common cause of mycobacterial disease in parrots and parakeets.
Type Strain
Strain 2289 = ATCC 51234
Treatment
Antimicrobial regimen
- M. genavense isolates [1]
- Susceptibility: Amikacin, Rifamycin, Fluoroquinolones, Streptomycin, and Macrolides
- NOTE(1): Ethambutol has limited activity
- NOTE(2): Optimal therapy is not determined, but multidrug therapies including Clarithromycin appear to be more effective than those without Clarithromycin
References
- ↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
- Böttger et al. 1993. Mycobacterium genavense sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 43, 841-843.