Mycobacterium malmoense

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Mycobacterium malmoense
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Phylum:	Actinobacteria;
Order:	Actinomycetales;
Suborder:	Corynebacterineae;
Family:	Mycobacteriaceae;
Genus:	Mycobacterium;
Species:	M. malmoense;
Binomial name
	Mycobacterium malmoense; Schroder and Juhlin 1977, ATCC 29571

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Mycobacterium malmoense is a bacteria. Etymology: malmoense, from the city of Malmö, Sweden where it was first isolated.

Description

Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast and coccoid to short rods.

Environmental reservoir: soil and water.

Colony characteristics

Smooth and nonpigmented colonies, growth below the surface of semisolid agar medium after deep inoculation (as seen with M. bovis), 0.9 - 1.7mm in diameter.

Physiology

Growth on inspissated egg medium and oleic acid-albumin agar at a temperature range of 22°C-37°C requires over 1 week.
Susceptible to ethambutol, ethionamide, kanamycin and cycloserine.

Differential characteristics

Antigenic structure: seroagglutination demonstrates a single serovar distinct from that of other species.

Pathogenesis

Usually infects young children with cervical lymphadenitis or adults with chronic pulmonary disease, (mostly with previously documented pneumoconiosis).
Rarely causes extrapulmonary diseases and disseminated infections
Biosafety level 2

Type Strain

First isolated from sputum and biopsy specimens with pulmonary disease in Malmö, Sweden.

Strain ATCC 29571 = CCUG 37761 = CIP 105775 = DSM 44163 = JCM 13391 = NCTC 11298.

Treatment

Antimicrobial regimen

Mycobacterium malmoense^[1]

1. In vitro

Susceptible: Ethambutol, Ethionamide, Kanamycin, and Cycloserine
Resistant: INH, Streptomycin, Rifampin, and Capreomycin

2. Pulmonary M. malmoense infection

Preferred regimen: INH AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol ± Quinolones AND Macrolides

References

↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

Schroder,K., I. Juhlin 1977. Mycobacterium malmoense sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1977, 27, 241-246.]

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[1] Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.

[1]