NDUFAF3

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a
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NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3, also known as 2P1, E3-3, or C3orf60, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFAF3 gene. NDUFAF3 is a mitochondrial assembly protein involved in the assembly of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) also known as complex I, which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in this gene have been associated severe complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome.

Structure

NDUFAF3 is located on the p arm of chromosome 3 in position 21.31 and has 7 exons. The NDUFAF3 gene produces a 20.4 kDa protein composed of 184 amino acids. NDUFAF3 encodes two isoforms which have a common DUF498 domain. Predictions indicate that isoform A contains an additional 35 amino acid N-terminal sequence and is thus longer than isoform B. The extra sequence may be involved in mitochondrial targeting, supporting NDUFAF3's function in mitochondrial assembly.

Function

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in the first step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in the translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The NDUFAF3 gene encodes a mitochondrial complex I assembly protein that localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane and interacts with complex I subunits and is important for the correct function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

NDUFAF3 colocalizes, comigrates to several assembly intermediates, and is codependent with NDUFAF4 from the early to late stages of complex I assembly. In addition to their close interactions with each other, NDUFAF3 and NDUFAF4 interact with NDUFS2, NDUFS3, NDUFS8, and NDUFA5 in a translation-dependent early assembly mechanism. It is also suggested that NDUFAF3 is involved in coupling mitochondrial translation with membrane insertion in the process of complex I assembly.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in NDUFAF3 have been associated with complex I deficiency and mitochondrial diseases. These disorders are a result of the dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations from lethal neonatal disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Phenotypes include macrocephaly with progressive leukodystrophy, non-specific encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. Mutations have included the homozygous variants c.494C > T; p.(Ala165Val), c.365 G→C resulting in R122P, and c.2 T→C resulting in M1T. Clinically, NDUFAF3 mutations have been associated with Leigh syndrome and severe complex I deficiency. Some common signs and symptoms include lactic acidosis, nystagmus, hypotonia, and cerebral lesions.

Interactions

In addition to co-complexes, NDUFAF3 has protein-protein interactions with NDUFAF4 and SNRPA.

Further reading

• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
• Lehner B, Sanderson CM (July 2004). "A protein interaction framework for human mRNA degradation". Genome Research. 14 (7): 1315–23. doi:10.1101/gr.2122004. PMC 442147. PMID 15231747.
• Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, Pepperkok R, Wiemann S (September 2000). "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing". EMBO Reports. 1 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMC 1083732. PMID 11256614.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (September 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.

External links

• Human NDUFAF3 genome location and NDUFAF3 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.