Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
The first cases of NFD have been identified in 1997 as a fibrotic disorder of the skin in patients with renal failure .[1]As an independent disease entity, NFD was first described in 2000.[2] Since then, systemic involvement has been described in some patients with NFD, resulting in use of the term nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF); NFD and NSF have been used to describe the same condition [3]. No clear etiology has been established for NFD, and little is known about its pathogenesis or natural history. This report describes the largest geographic cluster of NFD that has been identified and provides evidence that exposure to a gadolinium-containing contrast agent is a risk factor for the development of the disease. While skin involvement is on the foreground, the process may involve any organ and resembles diffuse scleroderma or systemic sclerosis. [4]
In 2006, the link between NFD and gadolinium-containing contrast agents was made.[5][6][7] As a result, gadolinium-containing contrast is now considered contraindicated in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (a measure of renal function) under 60 and especially under 30.[8]
References
- ↑ Cowper SE (2003). "Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: the first 6 years". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 15: 785–790.
- ↑ Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM, Su LD, Gupta S, LeBoit PE (2000). "Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients". Lancet. 356 (9234): 1000–1. PMID 11041404.
- ↑ Ting WW, Stone MS, Madison KC, Kurtz K. Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy with systemic involvement. Arch Dermatol 2003;139: 903-6.
- ↑ Mendoza FA, Artlett CM, Sandorfi N, Latinis K, Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA (2006). "Description of 12 cases of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and review of the literature". Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 35 (4): 238–49. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.08.002. PMID 16461069.
- ↑ Grobner T (2006). "Gadolinium-a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 21 (4): 1104–8. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfk062. PMID 16431890.
- ↑ Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K; et al. (2006). "Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17 (9): 2359–62. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006060601. PMID 16885403.
- ↑ "Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy associated with exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents-St. Louis, Missouri, 2002-2006". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 56 (7): 137–41. 2007. PMID 17318112.
- ↑ Kanal E, Barkovich AJ, Bell C; et al. (2007). "ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007". AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 188 (6): 1447–74. doi:10.2214/AJR.06.1616. PMID 17515363.