Neuroactive steroid

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Overview

Apart from exerting effects on the genome via intracellular steroid receptors, neuroactive steroids (or neurosteroids) rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. Several of these steroids accumulate in the brain after local synthesis or after metabolism of adrenal steroids. The 3alpha-hydroxy ring A-reduced pregnane steroids allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone have been surmised to enhance GABA-mediated chloride currents, whereas pregnenolone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate display functional antagonistic properties at GABA A receptors.

Neurosteroids are synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system, especially in myelinating glial cells, from cholesterol or steroidal precursors imported from peripheral sources. They include 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-compounds, such as pregnenolone (PREG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), their sulfates, and reduced metabolites such as the tetrahydroderivative of progesterone 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-20-one (3 alpha,5 alpha-THPROG). These compounds can act as allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter receptors, such as GABA(A), NMDA, and sigma receptors. Progesterone (PROG) is also a neurosteroid, and a progesterone receptor (PROG-R) has been identified in peripheral and central glial cells.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

References

  1. ↑ Herd MB, Belelli D, Lambert JJ (2007). "Neurosteroid modulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors". doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.007. PMID 17531325.
  2. ↑ Hosie AM, Wilkins ME, da Silva HM, Smart TG (2006). "Endogenous neurosteroids regulate GABAA receptors through two discrete transmembrane sites". Nature. 444 (7118): 486–9. doi:10.1038/nature05324. PMID 17108970.
  3. ↑ Agís-Balboa RC, Pinna G, Zhubi A, Maloku E, Veldic M, Costa E, Guidotti A (2006). "Characterization of brain neurons that express enzymes mediating neurosteroid biosynthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (39): 14602–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606544103. PMID 16984997.
  4. ↑ Akk G, Shu HJ, Wang C, Steinbach JH, Zorumski CF, Covey DF, Mennerick S (2005). "Neurosteroid access to the GABAA receptor". J. Neurosci. 25 (50): 11605–13. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4173-05.2005. PMID 16354918.
  5. ↑ Belelli D, Lambert JJ (2005). "Neurosteroids: endogenous regulators of the GABAA receptor". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6 (7): 565–75. doi:10.1038/nrn1703. PMID 15959466.
  6. ↑ Pinna G, Costa E, Guidotti A (2006). "Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine stereospecifically and selectively increase brain neurosteroid content at doses that are inactive on 5-HT reuptake". Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 186 (3): 362–72. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0213-2. PMID 16432684.
  7. ↑ Wang JM, Johnston PB, Ball BG, Brinton RD (2005). "The neurosteroid allopregnanolone promotes proliferation of rodent and human neural progenitor cells and regulates cell-cycle gene and protein expression". J. Neurosci. 25 (19): 4706–18. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4520-04.2005. PMID 15888646.
  8. ↑ Dubrovsky BO (2005). "Steroids, neuroactive steroids and neurosteroids in psychopathology". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 29 (2): 169–92. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.11.001. PMID 15694225.
  9. ↑ Mellon SH, Griffin LD (2002). "Neurosteroids: biochemistry and clinical significance". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 13 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00503-3. PMID 11750861.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Dong E, Matsumoto K, Uzunova V, Sugaya I, Takahata H, Nomura H, Watanabe H, Costa E, Guidotti A (2001). "Brain 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone and allopregnanolone synthesis in a mouse model of protracted social isolation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (5): 2849–54. doi:10.1073/pnas.051628598. PMID 11226329.
  11. ↑ Uzunova V, Sheline Y, Davis JM, Rasmusson A, Uzunov DP, Costa E, Guidotti A (1998). "Increase in the cerebrospinal fluid content of neurosteroids in patients with unipolar major depression who are receiving fluoxetine or fluvoxamine". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (6): 3239–44. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.3239. PMID 9501247.
  12. ↑ Melcangi RC, Celotti F, Martini L (1994). "Progesterone 5-alpha-reduction in neuronal and in different types of glial cell cultures: type 1 and 2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes". Brain Res. 639 (2): 202–6. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91731-0. PMID 8205473.
  13. ↑ Rupprecht R, Reul JM, Trapp T, van Steensel B, Wetzel C, Damm K, Zieglgänsberger W, Holsboer F (1993). "Progesterone receptor-mediated effects of neuroactive steroids". Neuron. 11 (3): 523–30. PMID 8398145.
  14. ↑ Puia G, Santi MR, Vicini S, Pritchett DB, Purdy RH, Paul SM, Seeburg PH, Costa E (1990). "Neurosteroids act on recombinant human GABAA receptors". Neuron. 4 (5): 759–65. PMID 2160838.
  15. ↑ Majewska MD, Harrison NL, Schwartz RD, Barker JL, Paul SM (1986). "Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor". Science. 232 (4753): 1004–7. doi:10.1126/science.2422758. PMID 2422758.
  16. ↑ Corpéchot C, Robel P, Axelson M, Sjövall J, Baulieu EE (1981). "Characterization and measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in rat brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78 (8): 4704–7. PMID 6458035.

See also

External links

Template:Jb1 Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources

pl.Neurosteroidy

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Neuroactive_steroid&oldid=685908"