Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to the DSM-V, non-specified hallucinogen use disorder (other hallucinogen use disorder) is a condition characterized by hallucinogen use (other than phencyclidine) for at least a period of 12 months that may be associated with signs of tolerance, dependence, and abuse. [1]
Differential Diagnosis
Risk Factors
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The 12-month prevalence is 500 per 100,000 (0.5%) among 12- to 17-year-olds and 100 per 100,000 (0.1%) among adults age 18 and older in the United States.[1]
Risk Factors
- Younger age than 30-year-old
- Female gender[1]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Prognosis
Poor prognostic factors includes:
- Increasing in dose intake
- Impairment in daily activities[1]
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder[1]
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A. A problematic pattern of hallucinogen (other than phencyclidine) use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12-month period:
- The hallucinogen is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
- There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control hallucinogen use.
- A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the hallucinogen, use the hallucinogen, or recover from its effects.
- Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use the hallucinogen.
- Recurrent hallucinogen use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (e.g., repeated absences from work or poor work performance related to hallucinogen use; hallucinogen-related absences, suspensions, or expulsions from school; neglect of children or household).
- Continued hallucinogen use despite having persistent or recurrent social or inter personal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the hallucinogen (e.g., arguments with a spouse about consequences of intoxication; physical fights).
- Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced be cause of hallucinogen use.
- Recurrent hallucinogen use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (e.g., driving an automobile or operating a machine when impaired by the hallucinogen).
- hallucinogen use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recur rent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the hallucinogen.
- Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:
- A need for markedly increased amounts of the hallucinogen to achieve intoxication or desired effect.
- A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the hallucinogen.
Note: Withdrawal symptoms and signs are not established for hallucinogens, and so this criterion does not apply.
Specify the particular hallucinogen.
Specify if:
- In early remission: After full criteria for other hallucinogen use disorder were previously met, none of the criteria for other hallucinogen use disorder have been met for at least 3 months but for less than 12 months (with the exception that Criterion A4, “Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use the hallucinogen,” may be met).
- In sustained remission: After full criteria for other hallucinogen use disorder were previously met, none of the criteria for other hallucinogen use disorder have been met at any time during a period of 12 months or longer (with the exception that Criterion A4, “Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use the hallucinogen,” may be met).
Specify if:
In a controlled environment: This additional specifier is used if the individual is in an environment where access to hallucinogens is restricted.
Specify current severity:
- Mild: Presence of 2-3 symptoms.
- Moderate: Presence of 4-5 symptoms.
- Severe: Presence of 6 or more symptoms.
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References
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