The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies in both human and mice suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function. Mouse studies also suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[1]
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
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↑Tanji C, Yamamoto H, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi A (October 2002). "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of GSK-3beta". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 36955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206210200. PMID12147701.
↑Schillace RV, Scott JD (March 1999). "Association of the type 1 protein phosphatase PP1 with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220". Curr. Biol. 9 (6): 321–4. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80141-9. PMID10209101.
↑Liu Y, Virshup DM, White RL, Hsu LC (November 2002). "Regulation of BRCA1 phosphorylation by interaction with protein phosphatase 1alpha". Cancer Res. 62 (22): 6357–61. PMID12438214.
↑Marx SO, Kurokawa J, Reiken S, Motoike H, D'Armiento J, Marks AR, Kass RS (January 2002). "Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel". Science. 295 (5554): 496–9. doi:10.1126/science.1066843. PMID11799244.
↑Wang H, Brautigan DL (December 2002). "A novel transmembrane Ser/Thr kinase complexes with protein phosphatase-1 and inhibitor-2". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 49605–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209335200. PMID12393858.
↑Sagara J, Higuchi T, Hattori Y, Moriya M, Sarvotham H, Shima H, Shirato H, Kikuchi K, Taniguchi S (November 2003). "Scapinin, a putative protein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit associated with the nuclear nonchromatin structure". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (46): 45611–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305227200. PMID12925532.
↑ 12.012.1Wu DY, Tkachuck DC, Roberson RS, Schubach WH (August 2002). "The human SNF5/INI1 protein facilitates the function of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34) and modulates GADD34-bound protein phosphatase-1 activity". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (31): 27706–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200955200. PMID12016208.
↑Jin Q, van Eynde A, Beullens M, Roy N, Thiel G, Stalmans W, Bollen M (August 2003). "The protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) regulator, nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1), interacts with the polycomb group protein, embryonic ectoderm development (EED), and functions as a transcriptional repressor". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (33): 30677–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302273200. PMID12788942.
↑Hsieh-Wilson LC, Allen PB, Watanabe T, Nairn AC, Greengard P (April 1999). "Characterization of the neuronal targeting protein spinophilin and its interactions with protein phosphatase-1". Biochemistry. 38 (14): 4365–73. doi:10.1021/bi982900m. PMID10194355.
↑Tan SL, Tareen SU, Melville MW, Blakely CM, Katze MG (September 2002). "The direct binding of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 to the PKR protein kinase is necessary but not sufficient for inactivation and disruption of enzyme dimer formation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39): 36109–17. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205109200. PMID12138106.
Further reading
Cohen PT (2002). "Protein phosphatase 1--targeted in many directions". J. Cell Sci. 115 (Pt 2): 241–56. PMID11839776.
Barker HM, Jones TA, da Cruz e Silva EF, Spurr NK, Sheer D, Cohen PT (1990). "Localization of the gene encoding a type I protein phosphatase catalytic subunit to human chromosome band 11q13". Genomics. 7 (2): 159–66. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90536-4. PMID2161401.
Saadat M, Mizuno Y, Kikuchi K, Yoshida MC (1995). "Comparative mapping of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase type 1 alpha (PPP1CA) to human, rat, and mouse chromosomes". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 70 (1–2): 55–7. doi:10.1159/000133991. PMID7736790.
Durfee T, Becherer K, Chen PL, Yeh SH, Yang Y, Kilburn AE, Lee WH, Elledge SJ (1993). "The retinoblastoma protein associates with the protein phosphatase type 1 catalytic subunit". Genes Dev. 7 (4): 555–69. doi:10.1101/gad.7.4.555. PMID8384581.
Song Q, Khanna KK, Lu H, Lavin MF (1993). "Cloning and characterization of a human protein phosphatase 1-encoding cDNA". Gene. 129 (2): 291–5. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90282-8. PMID8392016.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID8889548.
Colbran RJ, Bass MA, McNeill RB, Bollen M, Zhao S, Wadzinski BE, Strack S (1997). "Association of brain protein phosphatase 1 with cytoskeletal targeting/regulatory subunits". J. Neurochem. 69 (3): 920–9. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69030920.x. PMID9282913.
Allen PB, Kwon YG, Nairn AC, Greengard P (1998). "Isolation and characterization of PNUTS, a putative protein phosphatase 1 nuclear targeting subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (7): 4089–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.7.4089. PMID9461602.
Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao S, Lee EY (1998). "Identification and characterization of the human HCG V gene product as a novel inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1". Biochemistry. 37 (47): 16728–34. doi:10.1021/bi981169g. PMID9843442.
Neumann J, Maas R, Bokník P, Jones LR, Zimmermann N, Scholz H (1999). "Pharmacological characterization of protein phosphatase activities in preparations from failing human hearts". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289 (1): 188–93. PMID10087003.
Schillace RV, Scott JD (1999). "Association of the type 1 protein phosphatase PP1 with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220". Curr. Biol. 9 (6): 321–4. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80141-9. PMID10209101.
Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y (1999). "Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (24): 17267–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.24.17267. PMID10358086.
McAvoy T, Allen PB, Obaishi H, Nakanishi H, Takai Y, Greengard P, Nairn AC, Hemmings HC (1999). "Regulation of neurabin I interaction with protein phosphatase 1 by phosphorylation". Biochemistry. 38 (39): 12943–9. doi:10.1021/bi991227d. PMID10504266.
Yoshida K, Watanabe M, Kato H, Dutta A, Sugano S (1999). "BH-protocadherin-c, a member of the cadherin superfamily, interacts with protein phosphatase 1 alpha through its intracellular domain". FEBS Lett. 460 (1): 93–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01309-5. PMID10571067.
Yang J, Hurley TD, DePaoli-Roach AA (2000). "Interaction of inhibitor-2 with the catalytic subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase. Identification of a sequence analogous to the consensus type 1 protein phosphatase-binding motif". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (30): 22635–44. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003082200. PMID10807923.
Boudrez A, Beullens M, Groenen P, Van Eynde A, Vulsteke V, Jagiello I, Murray M, Krainer AR, Stalmans W, Bollen M (2000). "NIPP1-mediated interaction of protein phosphatase-1 with CDC5L, a regulator of pre-mRNA splicing and mitotic entry". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25411–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001676200. PMID10827081.
