Primary hyperaldosteronism epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is from 1,400-32,000 (median, 8,800) per 100,000 individuals around the world. Primary hyperaldosteronism incidence among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension is 11,200 of per 100,000 individuals. The case-fatality rate of primary hyperaldosteronism is approximately 23.4 per 1,000 individual-years. Patients of all age groups may develop primary hyperaldosteronism. There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism varies from 1,400 to 32,000 (median, 8,800) per 100,000 individuals around the world.[1][2]
- In patients with resistant hypertension, the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is reported to be even higher, ranging from a low of 17,000 per 100,000 patients to a high of 23,000 per 100,000 patients.[3]
- The prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism type II ranges from 1.2 to 6% in adult populations of primary hyperaldosteronism.[4]
Incidence
- Primary hyperaldosteronism incidence among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension is 11,200 of per 100,000 individuals.[5]
Case-Fatality rate
- The case-fatality rate of primary hyperaldosteronism is approximately 23.4 per 1,000 individual-years.[6]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop primary hyperaldosteronism.
Gender
- Familial hyperaldosteronism type I accounts for 0.5 to 1.0% of primary hyperaldosteronism and occurs equally among women and men.[7]
- Males are more commonly affected by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 4 to 1.
- Females are more commonly affected by adrenal adenomas.
- Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia affects men and women equally.[8]
Race
- There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism.[9]
- Blacks have been found to have lower plasma renin activity than other populations.[10]
References
- ↑ Rossi GP, Pessina AC, Heagerty AM (2008). "Primary aldosteronism: an update on screening, diagnosis and treatment". J. Hypertens. 26 (4): 613–21. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f4b3e6. PMID 18327065.
- ↑ Rossi GP, Seccia TM, Pessina AC (2007). "Clinical use of laboratory tests for the identification of secondary forms of arterial hypertension". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 44 (1): 1–85. doi:10.1080/10408360600931831. PMID 17175520.
- ↑ Stowasser M, Taylor PJ, Pimenta E, Ahmed AH, Gordon RD (2010). "Laboratory investigation of primary aldosteronism". Clin Biochem Rev. 31 (2): 39–56. PMC 2874431. PMID 20498828.
- ↑ Stowasser M, Gordon RD (2000). "Primary aldosteronism: learning from the study of familial varieties". J. Hypertens. 18 (9): 1165–76. PMID 10994747.
- ↑ Rossi GP (2010). "Prevalence and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism". Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 12 (5): 342–8. doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0134-2. PMID 20665130.
- ↑ Wu, Vin-Cent; Wang, Shuo-Meng; Chang, Chia-Hui; Hu, Ya-Hui; Lin, Lian-Yu; Lin, Yen-Hung; Chueh, Shih-Chieh Jeff; Chen, Likwang; Wu, Kwan-Dun (2016). "Long term outcome of Aldosteronism after target treatments". Scientific Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1038/srep32103. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ↑ "Evidence for Abnormal Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Normotensive Individuals with Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic".
- ↑ Woo K, Waisman J, Melamed J, Lepor H (2000). "Primary aldosteronism caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia". Rev Urol. 2 (2): 100–4. PMC 1476104. PMID 16985748.
- ↑ Calhoun DA, Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Thakkar RB, Weissmann P (2002). "Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension". Hypertension. 40 (6): 892–6. PMID 12468575.
- ↑ Lee MR, Critchley JA, Gordon CJ, Makarananda K, Sriwatanakul K, Balali-Mood M, Boye GL (1990). "Ethnic differences in the renal sodium dopamine relationship. A possible explanation for regional variations in the prevalence of hypertension?". Am. J. Hypertens. 3 (6 Pt 2): 100S–103S. PMID 2383374.