Pseudomonas putida
| Pseudomonas putida | ||||||||||||||
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| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Pseudomonas putida Trevisan, 1889 | ||||||||||||||
| Type strain | ||||||||||||||
| ATCC 12633 CCUG 12690 | ||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | ||||||||||||||
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Bacillus fluorescens putidus" Flügge 1886 |
Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped saprophytic soil bacterium. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. putida has been placed in the P. putida group, to which it lends its name[1].
It demonstrates very diverse metabolism, including the ability to degrade organic solvents such as toluene[2]. This ability has been put to use in bioremediation, or the use of microorganisms to biodegrade oil. Use of P. putida is preferable to some other Pseudomonas species capable of such degradation as it is a safe strain of bacteria, unlike P. aeruginosa for example, which is an opportunistic human pathogen.
Uses
Bioremediation
The diverse metabolism of P. putida may be exploited for bioremediation; for example, it is used as a soil inoculant to remedy naphthalene contaminated soils[3].
P. putida is capable of converting styrene oil into the biodegradable plastic PHA[4][5]. This may be of use in the effective recycling of Polystyrene foam, otherwise thought to be non-biodegradable.
Biocontrol
P. putida has demonstrated potential biocontrol properties, as an effective antagonist of damping off diseases such as Pythium[6] and Fusarium[7].
Genome Sequencing Projects
The genome of Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440[8] has been sequenced, and sequencing of P. putida F1 is in progress[9].
Oligonucleotide Usage Signatures of the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Genome
Di- to pentanucleotide usage and the list of the most abundant octa- to tetradecanucleotides are useful measures of the bacterial genomic signature. The Pseudomonas putida KT2440 chromosome is characterized by strand symmetry and intra-strand parity of complementary oligonucleotides. Each tetranucleotide occurs with similar frequency on the two strands. Tetranucleotide usage is biased by G+C content and physicochemical constraints such as base stacking energy, dinucleotide propeller twist angle or trinucleotide bendability. The 105 regions with atypical oligonucleotide composition can be differentiated by their patterns of oligonucleotide usage into categories of horizontally acquired gene islands, multidomain genes or ancient regions such as genes for ribosomal proteins and RNAs. A species-specific extragenic palindromic sequence is the most common repeat in the genome that can be exploited for the typing of P. putida strains. In the coding sequence of P. putida LLL is the most abundant tripeptide.[10]
References
- ↑ Anzai; et al. (2000, Jul). "Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 50 (Pt 4): 1563–89. PMID 10939664. Check date values in:
|year=(help) - ↑ Marques S, Ramos JL. (1993) Transcriptional control of the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid catabolic pathways. Molecular Microbiology 9(5):923-9. PMID 7934920
- ↑ Newton C.M. Gomes, Irina A. Kosheleva, Wolf-Rainer Abraham, Kornelia Smalla (2005) Effects of the inoculant strain Pseudomonas putida KT2442 (pNF142) and of naphthalene contamination on the soil bacterial community. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 54 (1), 21–33.
- ↑ http://www.livescience.com/technology/060307_styrofoam_cup.html
- ↑ Ward PG, Goff M, Donner M, Kaminsky W, O'Connor KE. (2006) A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic. Environmental Science and Technology 40(7):2433-7. PMID 16649270
- ↑ Amer GA, Utkhede RS. (2000) Development of formulations of biological agents for management of root rot of lettuce and cucumber. Can J Microbiol. 46(9):809-16. PMID 11006841
- ↑ Validov S, Kamilova F, Qi S, Stephan D, Wang JJ, Makarova N, Lugtenberg B. (2007) Selection of bacteria able to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in stonewool substrate. J Appl Microbiol. 102(2):461-71. PMID 17241352
- ↑ Nelson et al. (2002) Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the metabolically versatile Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Environmental Microbiology 4(12):799-808. PMID 12534463
- ↑ http://genome.jgi-psf.org/draft_microbes/psepu/psepu.home.html
- ↑ Cornelis P (editor). (2008). Pseudomonas: Genomics and Molecular Biology (1st ed. ed.). Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-19-6 .