Raynaud's phenomenon causes

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Editors-In-Chief: Asghar Fakhri, M.D., Duane S. Pinto, M.D. and C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arteriosclerosis obliterans, Arteriovenous fistula, Atherosclerosis, Embolism, Peripheral emboli, Peripheral vascular disease, Subclavian aneurysms, Atrial myxoma, Polyarteritis nodosa, Takayasu arteritis, Temporal arteritis, Thromboangitis obliterans, Wegener's granulomatosis
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenicals, Lead, Polyvinyl chloride, Thallium, Vinyl chloride
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Amphetamines, Arsenic trioxide, Atenolol, Beta-blockers, Bleomycin, Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Clonidine, Cyclosporin, Cytotoxic drugs, Ergometrine, Ergotamine, Hormonal contraceptives, Imipramine, Lysuride, Melarsoprol, Methylphenidate, Methysergide, Pergolide, Piribedil, Pramipexole, Propranolol, Pseudoephedrine, Ropinirole, Sulfasalazine , Vinblastine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, Hypothyroidism, Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Fabry disease
Hematologic	Cold agglutinins, Cryoglobulinemia, Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia, Leukemia, Myeloma, Polycythaemia rubra vera, Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia, Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Hepatitis B antigenemia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Poliomyelitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Carpal tunnel syndrome, Cervical rib, Scalenus-anticus syndrome, Scoliosis, Thoracic outlet syndrome,Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid arthritis
Neurologic	Intervertebral disc herniation, Peripheral neuropathy, Poliomyelitis, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Syringomyelia, Transverse myelitis, Spinal tumor, Multiple sclerosis
Nutritional / Metabolic	Fabry disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Atrial myxoma, Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, Leukemia, Malignancy leading to paraneoplatic raynaud phenomenon, Myeloma, Phaeochromocytoma, Polycythaemia rubra vera, Spinal tumor, Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, Antisynthetase syndrome, Calcinosis-Raynaud-sclerodactyly-telangiectasia syndrome, Dermatomyositis, Mixed connective tissue disease, Multiple sclerosis, Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria, Polyarteritis nodosa, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid disease, Scleroderma, Sicca syndrome, Sjogen's Syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic sclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, Temporal arteritis, Thromboangitis obliterans, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Hand arm vibration syndrome, Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Erythromelalgia, Exposure to the cold, Frost bite, Raynaud disease, Smoking, Amyloidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Acromegaly Amphetamines Amyloidosis Anorexia nervosa Antisynthetase syndrome Arsenic trioxide Arsenicals Arteriosclerosis obliterans Arteriovenous fistula Atenolol Atherosclerosis Atrial myxoma Beta-blockers Bleomycin Bromocriptine Cabergoline Calcinosis-Raynaud-sclerodactyly-telangiectasia syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome Cervical rib Clonidine Cold agglutinins Cryoglobulinemia Cyclosporin Cytotoxic drugs Dermatomyositis Embolism Ergometrine Ergotamine Erythromelalgia Exposure to the cold Fabry disease Frost bite Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma Hand arm vibration syndrome Hepatitis B antigenemia Hormonal contraceptives Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome Hypothyroidism Imipramine Intervertebral disc herniation Lead Leukemia Lysuride Malignancy leading to paraneoplatic raynaud phenomenon Melarsoprol Methysergide Mixed connective tissue disease

Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia Multiple sclerosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Myeloma Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria Pergolide Peripheral emboli Peripheral neuropathy Peripheral vascular disease Phaeochromocytoma Piribedil Poliomyelitis Polyarteritis nodosa Polycythaemia rubra vera Polymyositis Polyvinyl chloride Propranolol Pseudoephedrine Raynaud disease Reflex sympathetic dystrophy Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid disease Ropinirole Scalenus-anticus syndrome Scleroderma Scoliosis Sicca syndrome Sjogen's Syndrome Smoking Spinal tumor Subclavian aneurysms Sulfasalazine Syringomyelia Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis Takayasu arteritis Temporal arteritis Thallium Thoracic outlet syndrome Thromboangitis obliterans Transverse myelitis Vinblastine Vinyl chloride Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia Wegener's granulomatosis

It is important to realise that Raynaud's can herald these diseases by periods of more than 20 years in some cases, making it effectively their first presenting symptom. This can be the case in the CREST syndrome, of which Raynaud's is a part.