Rectal prolapse (patient information)
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Rectal prolapse |
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Rectal prolapse On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Rectal prolapse is when the tissue that lines the rectum falls down into or sticks through the anal opening.
What are the symptoms of Rectal prolapse?
The main symptom is a reddish-colored mass that sticks out from the opening of the anus, especially following a bowel movement. The lining of the rectal tissue may be visible and may bleed slightly.
What causes Rectal prolapse?
Rectal Prolapse is often associated with the following conditions:
- Anatomical abnormalities
- Perineal nerve injury (due to descent of the pelvic floor, vaginal delivery and excessive straining during defection)
- Altered colonic motility
Who is at highest risk?
- Elderly patients
- Female gender
- Increase intra-abdominal pressure such as straining, constipation or chronic coughing
- Obstetrical history (vaginal delivery, previous obstetrical trauma)
- Hormonal status (onset of menopause)
- Patients with any of the associated conditions listed above
Diagnosis
The health care provider will perform a physical exam, which may include a rectal exam. Tests will be done to determine the underlying cause.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider promptly if there is a rectal prolapse.
Treatment options
Call your health care provider if a rectal prolapse occurs. In some cases, the prolapse can be treated at home.
The rectal mucosa must be returned to the rectum manually. A soft, warm, wet cloth is used to apply gentle pressure to the mass to push it back through the anal opening. The affected person should be in a knee-chest position before applying pressure to allow gravity to help return the prolapse.
Immediate surgery for repair is seldom needed. The underlying condition must be treated.
Diseases with similar symptoms
Where to find medical care for Rectal prolapse?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Rectal prolapse
Prevention of Rectal prolapse
Treating the underlying condition usually prevents further rectal prolapse.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Treating the underlying condition usually cures the problem. In otherwise-healthy elderly patients with recurrent rectal prolapse, surgery can repair anatomic problems that predispose them to prolapse.
Possible complications
- Constipation
- Fecal incontinence
- Malnutrition or malabsorption
- Other complications of the condition that caused the prolapse