Renal ectopia causes
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Renal ectopia Microchapters |
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Renal ectopia causes On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
Ectopic kidney occurs during fetal development. Kidneys, in general, develop as outgrowths or buds within the pelvis before they move upwards to their position at the rear end of the rib cage. The upward movement of the kidney occurs between the 6th and 9th weeks of embryo development. ‘Ectopic’ usually refers to an organ that is out of place. When one of the kidneys remains in the pelvis, or moves upward but fuses with the second kidney, or moves higher than its normal position, an ectopic kidney is formed. Some of the causes for this defect in movement are:
- Genetic defects
- Defects in the kidney tissue that provides the signal to move upward from the pelvis
- Exposure of the pregnant mother to a drug, or a chemical, or an illness that results in defects in kidney development in the baby
- Under-developed kidney bud
The precise mechanism of development of renal fusion anomalies is not fully understood and several theories have been put forward to explain the anomaly :
- The Mechanical Theory proposes that during cephalad migration, the kidneys pass through the fork between the two umbilical arteries and any positional change in these arteries squeeze the kidneys close together allowing their fusion. Fusion of both nephrogenic blastemas with early arrested migration result in completely fused pelvic kidney. Abnormal position of an umbilical artery can result in abnormal migration of a renal unit to the contralateral side following the path of least resistance (crossed renal ectopia).
- The Theory of Abnormal Caudal Rotation proposes that fusion occurs due to lateral flexion and rotation of the caudal end of the embryo disturbing the relative position of the nephrogenic blastema and ureteric bud. The distal curled end of the vertebral column permit one ureter to cross the midline and enter the opposite nephrogenic blastema or transplant the kidney and ureter to the opposite side during ascent. Association of scoliosis with crossed renal ectopia supports this theory.
- The Ureteral Theory states that cross over is strictly a ureteral phenomenon with the developing ureteral bud wandering to the opposite side and inducing the differentiation of the contralateral metanephric blastema and it is assumed that the metanephric tissue that does not receive a ureteric bud regresses.
- The Teratogenic Theory suggest that renal ectopia results from abnormal migration of posterior nephrogenic cells due to teratogenic insult forming a parenchymal isthmus. The increased incidence of malignancies and other organ system anomalies associated with renal ectopia possibly supports this theory.
- The Genetic Theory suggests that genetic influence may play a role because some renal fusion anomalies have been reported to occur in identical twins and siblings within the same family. It is suggested that the sonic hedgehog gene signal is critical for kidney positioning along the mediolateral axis and its disruption will result in renal fusion.
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
OR
- [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
- [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
- Cause 1
- Cause 2
- Cause 3
- Cause 4
- Cause 5
- Cause 6
- Cause 7
- Cause 8
- Cause 9
- Cause 10