Rhabdomyoma classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nima Nasiri, M.D.[2]
Overview
Enteropathy-associated T-cell Lymphoma (EATL), also enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETTL), is a type of T-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma that affects the small intestine, it is composed of large lymphoid cells. Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma has two subtypes, type I enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma which has a strong association with celiac disease and it is more common in western countries and type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma which is mostly found among the Asian population. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of this disease include 8q24, T-cell receptor (TCR) beta and gamma, and 16q genes. On gross pathology, multiple intestinal ulcers are characteristic findings of EATL. On microscopic histopathological analysis, monotonous cells, round or angulated vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli are characteristic findings of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. There are no established causes for enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. EATL must be differentiated from other diseases such as peptic ulcer, poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma.
Classification
Rhabdomyoma may be classified into the following subtypes: [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Neoplastic
Neoplastic rhabdomyomas may be further classified into the following types:
Hamartomataous
Hamartamatous rhabdomyomas may be further classified into the following types:
- Cardiac rhabdomyoma
- Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas of the skin(RMH) which is a rare congenital malformation involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, it can present as skin tag or even trigeminal neuralgia case reported. [7]
References
- ↑ McKinnon EL, Rand AJ, Selim MA, Fuchs HE, Buckley AF, Cummings TJ (October 2015). "Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting as a sacral skin tag in two neonates with spinal dysraphism". J. Cutan. Pathol. 42 (10): 774–8. doi:10.1111/cup.12538. PMID 25989364.
- ↑ Beghetti M, Gow RM, Haney I, Mawson J, Williams WG, Freedom RM (1997). "Pediatric primary benign cardiac tumors: a 15-year review". Am Heart J. 134 (6): 1107–14. PMID 9424072.
- ↑ Becker AE (2000). "Primary heart tumors in the pediatric age group: a review of salient pathologic features relevant for clinicians". Pediatr Cardiol. 21 (4): 317–23. doi:10.1007/s002460010071. PMID 10865004.
- ↑ Elderkin RA, Radford DJ (2002). "Primary cardiac tumours in a paediatric population". J Paediatr Child Health. 38 (2): 173–7. PMID 12031001.
- ↑ Kocabaş A, Ekici F, Cetin Iİ, Emir S, Demir HA, Arı ME; et al. (2013). "Cardiac rhabdomyomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex in 11 children: presentation to outcome". Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 30 (2): 71–9. doi:10.3109/08880018.2012.734896. PMID 23151153.
- ↑ Lu DY, Chang S, Cook H, Alizadeh Y, Karam AK, Moatamed NA, Dry SM (April 2012). "Genital rhabdomyoma of the urethra in an infant girl". Hum. Pathol. 43 (4): 597–600. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2011.06.012. PMID 21992817.
- ↑ White LR, Agrawal V, Sutton L, Balbosa AC (June 2015). "Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma of the face causing trigeminal neuralgia". Am J Case Rep. 16: 338–40. doi:10.12659/AJCR.893719. PMC 4460909. PMID 26037964.