Ryegrass

	WikiDoc Resources for Ryegrass
Articles
Most recent articles on Ryegrass Most cited articles on Ryegrass Review articles on Ryegrass Articles on Ryegrass in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Ryegrass Images of Ryegrass Photos of Ryegrass Podcasts & MP3s on Ryegrass Videos on Ryegrass
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Ryegrass Bandolier on Ryegrass TRIP on Ryegrass
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Ryegrass at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Ryegrass Clinical Trials on Ryegrass at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Ryegrass NICE Guidance on Ryegrass NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Ryegrass CDC on Ryegrass
Books
Books on Ryegrass
News
Ryegrass in the news Be alerted to news on Ryegrass News trends on Ryegrass
Commentary
Blogs on Ryegrass
Definitions
Definitions of Ryegrass
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Ryegrass Discussion groups on Ryegrass Patient Handouts on Ryegrass Directions to Hospitals Treating Ryegrass Risk calculators and risk factors for Ryegrass
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Ryegrass Causes & Risk Factors for Ryegrass Diagnostic studies for Ryegrass Treatment of Ryegrass
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Ryegrass
International
Ryegrass en Espanol Ryegrass en Francais
Business
Ryegrass in the Marketplace Patents on Ryegrass
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Ryegrass

style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;"\|Ryegrass
	Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne); Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
style="background:#Template:Taxobox colour;" \| Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae;
(unranked)	Commelinids;
Order:	Poales;
Family:	Poaceae;
Subfamily:	Pooideae;
Genus:	Lolium; L.
Species
	See text

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Ryegrass (Lolium) is a genus of nine species of tufted grasses in the Pooideae subfamily of the Poaceae family. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Also called tares (even though there is no firm evidence that this is the same as the plant given that name in English language translations of the Bible (as in the "Parable of the Tares") - vetches are another candidate), these plants are native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but are widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n = 14, and are closely related to the fescues Festuca.

Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop.

Species

The following are accepted as distinct species:

Lolium canariense Steud. - Canary Islands ryegrass
Lolium edwardii H.Scholz, Stierst. & Gaisberg
Lolium multiflorum Lam. - Italian ryegrass
Lolium perenne L. - Perennial ryegrass
Lolium persicum - Persian ryegrass or Persian darnel
Lolium remotum Schrank
Lolium rigidum Gaudin - Stiff darnel, Wimmera ryegrass
Lolium temulentum L. - Darnel, poison darnel

Cultivation and uses

Ryegrasses contain some species which are important grasses for both lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Like many cool-season grasses of the family Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either Epichloë or its close relative Neotyphodium, of which both are of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae^[1]^[2]

Some species, particularly L. temulentum, are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever.

Many grass tennis courts including Wimbledon are planted in ryegrass in different compositions, depending on the tournament.

Synonyms

File:Illustration Lolium temulentum0.jpg

Lolium temulentum (Poison Darnel)

L. ambiguum = Lolium multiflorum
L. annuum = Lolium temulentum
L. arundinaceum = Festuca arundinacea
L. berteronianum = Lolium temulentum
L. brasilianum = Lolium perenne
L. canadense = Lolium perenne
L. crassiculme = Lolium rigidum
L. cuneatum = Lolium temulentum
L. dorei = Lolium persicum
L. giganteum = Festuca gigantea
L. gracile = Lolium temulentum
L. lepturoides = Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides
L. marschallii = Lolium perenne
L. parabolicae = Lolium rigidum
L. pratense = Festuca pratensis
L. remotum = Lolium temulentum subsp. remotum
L. romanum = Lolium multiflorum
L. scabrum = Lolium multiflorum
L. siculum = Lolium multiflorum
L. subulatum = Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides
L. teres = Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides
L. trabutii = Lolium rigidum

References

↑ Schardl CL, Leuchtmann A, Spiering MJ (2004). "Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes". Annu Rev Plant Biol. 55: 315–340. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141735. PMID 15377223.
↑ Cheplick GP (2011). "Endosymbiosis and population differentiation in wild and cultivated Lolium perenne (Poaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 98 (5): 829–38. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000226. PMID 21613060.

Flora Europaea: Lolium

ar:زوان (نبات) az:Quramit be:Жыцік bg:Райграс ca:Lolium cs:Jílek da:Rajgræs de:Lolch el:Ήρα (ζιζάνιο) eo:Lolium hsb:Motawa os:Сысылы is:Rýgresi it:Lolium lt:Svidrė nl:Raaigras fi:Raiheinät sv:Rajgräs wa:Dråwe des frumints

[Schardl-1] Schardl CL, Leuchtmann A, Spiering MJ (2004). "Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes". Annu Rev Plant Biol. 55: 315–340. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141735. PMID 15377223.

[CheplickGP-2] Cheplick GP (2011). "Endosymbiosis and population differentiation in wild and cultivated Lolium perenne (Poaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 98 (5): 829–38. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000226. PMID 21613060.

[1]

[2]