Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 also known as steroid receptor RNA activator protein (SRAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRA1gene.[1][2] The mRNA transcribed from the SRA1 gene is a component of the ribonucleoprotein complex containing NCOA1. This functional RNA also encodes a protein.[3]
This gene is involved in transcriptional coactivation by steroid receptor. There is currently data suggesting this gene encodes both a non-coding RNA that functions as part of a ribonucleoprotein complex and a protein coding mRNA. Increased expression of both the transcript and the protein is associated with cancer.[2]
The SRAP has been shown to interact with its SRA RNA counterpart indirectly with the functional sub-structure STR7 of SRA RNA.[6] Originally proposed to be RRM containing, SRAP has been demonstrated to have a helix bundle at its C-terminal end while N-terminal to this domain appears unstructured.[7]
References
↑Lanz RB, McKenna NJ, Onate SA, Albrecht U, Wong J, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW (April 1999). "A steroid receptor coactivator, SRA, functions as an RNA and is present in an SRC-1 complex". Cell. 97 (1): 17–27. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80711-4. PMID10199399.
↑Chooniedass-Kothari S, Emberley E, Hamedani MK, Troup S, Wang X, Czosnek A, Hube F, Mutawe M, Watson PH, Leygue E (May 2004). "The steroid receptor RNA activator is the first functional RNA encoding a protein". FEBS Letters. 566 (1–3): 43–7. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.03.104. PMID15147866.
↑Bilinovich SM, Davis CM, Morris DL, Ray LA, Prokop JW, Buchan GJ, Leeper TC (April 2014). "The C-terminal domain of SRA1p has a fold more similar to PRP18 than to an RRM and does not directly bind to the SRA1 RNA STR7 region". Journal of Molecular Biology. 426 (8): 1753–65. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2014.01.007. PMID24486611.
Further reading
Ulveling D, Francastel C, Hubé F (April 2011). "When one is better than two: RNA with dual functions". Biochimie. 93 (4): 633–44. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2010.11.004. PMID21111023.
Hube F, Guo J, Chooniedass-Kothari S, Cooper C, Hamedani MK, Dibrov AA, Blanchard AA, Wang X, Deng G, Myal Y, Leygue E (July 2006). "Alternative splicing of the first intron of the steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) participates in the generation of coding and noncoding RNA isoforms in breast cancer cell lines". DNA and Cell Biology. 25 (7): 418–28. doi:10.1089/dna.2006.25.418. PMID16848684.
Leygue E, Dotzlaw H, Watson PH, Murphy LC (September 1999). "Expression of the steroid receptor RNA activator in human breast tumors". Cancer Research. 59 (17): 4190–3. PMID10485452.
Murphy LC, Simon SL, Parkes A, Leygue E, Dotzlaw H, Snell L, Troup S, Adeyinka A, Watson PH (November 2000). "Altered expression of estrogen receptor coregulators during human breast tumorigenesis". Cancer Research. 60 (22): 6266–71. PMID11103781.
Cavarretta IT, Mukopadhyay R, Lonard DM, Cowsert LM, Bennett CF, O'Malley BW, Smith CL (February 2002). "Reduction of coactivator expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibits ERalpha transcriptional activity and MCF-7 proliferation". Molecular Endocrinology. 16 (2): 253–70. doi:10.1210/me.16.2.253. PMID11818499.
Kucera T, Waltner-Law M, Scott DK, Prasad R, Granner DK (July 2002). "A point mutation of the AF2 transactivation domain of the glucocorticoid receptor disrupts its interaction with steroid receptor coactivator 1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (29): 26098–102. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204013200. PMID12118039.
Ueda T, Mawji NR, Bruchovsky N, Sadar MD (October 2002). "Ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor by interleukin-6 and the role of steroid receptor coactivator-1 in prostate cancer cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (41): 38087–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203313200. PMID12163482.
Emberley E, Huang GJ, Hamedani MK, Czosnek A, Ali D, Grolla A, Lu B, Watson PH, Murphy LC, Leygue E (February 2003). "Identification of new human coding steroid receptor RNA activator isoforms". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 301 (2): 509–15. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)03070-X. PMID12565891.
Watkins RE, Davis-Searles PR, Lambert MH, Redinbo MR (August 2003). "Coactivator binding promotes the specific interaction between ligand and the pregnane X receptor". Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (4): 815–28. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00795-2. PMID12909012.
Deblois G, Giguère V (June 2003). "Ligand-independent coactivation of ERalpha AF-1 by steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) via MAPK activation". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 85 (2–5): 123–31. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00225-5. PMID12943696.
Fleming FJ, Hill AD, McDermott EW, O'Higgins NJ, Young LS (January 2004). "Differential recruitment of coregulator proteins steroid receptor coactivator-1 and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors to the estrogen receptor-estrogen response element by beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in human breast cancer". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (1): 375–83. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031048. PMID14715875.
Xu B, Koenig RJ (August 2004). "An RNA-binding domain in the thyroid hormone receptor enhances transcriptional activation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (32): 33051–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404930200. PMID15180993.
Zhao X, Patton JR, Davis SL, Florence B, Ames SJ, Spanjaard RA (August 2004). "Regulation of nuclear receptor activity by a pseudouridine synthase through posttranscriptional modification of steroid receptor RNA activator". Molecular Cell. 15 (4): 549–58. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.044. PMID15327771.
Coleman KM, Lam V, Jaber BM, Lanz RB, Smith CL (October 2004). "SRA coactivation of estrogen receptor-alpha is phosphorylation-independent, and enhances 4-hydroxytamoxifen agonist activity". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 323 (1): 332–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.090. PMID15351741.