Sandbox:Rina Ghorpade
Differentiating SWS from other neuro-cutaneous syndromes
[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as: [Differential dx1] [Differential dx2] [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location]. Age Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old. [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children]. Gender [Disease name] affects men and women equally. [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. Race There is no racial predilection for [disease name]. [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
[criterion 1]
[criterion 2]
[criterion 3]
[criterion 4]
Symptoms
[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
[symptom 1]
[symptom 2]
[symptom 3]
[symptom 4]
[symptom 5]
[symptom 6]
Physical Examination
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
Physical examination may be remarkable for:
[finding 1]
[finding 2]
[finding 3]
[finding 4]
[finding 5]
[finding 6]
Laboratory Findings There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name]. A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name]. An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name]. Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment Medical Therapy There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care. The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2]. [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1]. Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration]. Surgery Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name]. [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name]. [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
Prevention
There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].