Schizotypal personality disorder
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Eccentric attitude; odd behavior; odd belief; schizotypal disorder
Overview
Schizotypal personality disorder is a personality disorder that is characterized by a need for social isolation, odd behaviour and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs such as being convinced of having extra-sensory perception. There is a high rate of comorbidity with other personality disorders. McGlashan et al. (2000) stated that this may be due to overlapping criteria with other personality disorders, such as avoidant personality disorder and paranoid personality disorder[1].
Differential Diagnosis
- Schizophrenia
- Delusional disorder
- Hallucinations
- Communication disorders
- Medical condition that affects the central nervous system
- Avoidant personality disorder[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of schizotypal personality disorder is 600 to 4,600 per 100,000 (0.6% to 4.6%) of the overall population.[2]
Risk Factors
- First degree relatives with schizophrenia
- Solitariness
- Poor peer relationships
- Social anxiety[2]
Natural History, Prognosis and Complications
There is a high rate of comorbidity with other personality disorders. Poor prognostic factors include:
- First degree relatives with schizophrenia
- Odd way of thinking
- Eccentric attitude
- Solitariness[2]
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder[2]
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AND
Note: If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid,”e.g., “schizotypal personality disorder (premorbid).” |
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References
- ↑ McGlashan, T.H., Grilo, C.M., Skodol, A.E., Gunderson, J.G., Shea, M.T., Morey, L.C., et al. (2000). The collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study: Baseline axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 256-264.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.