Shigellosis physical examination
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Shigellosis Microchapters |
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Shigellosis physical examination On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Yazan Daaboul; Serge Korjian
Overview
Patients with shigellosis usually appear lethargic. Physical examination of patients with shigellosis is usually remarkable for diffuse abdominal tenderness in more than 70% of cases and fever in approximately 25% to 40% of cases. Less commonly, physical examination is remarkable for signs of dehydration, such as hypotension, tachycardia, and dry mucous membranes.
Physical Examination
General Appearance
- Lethargic
- Toxic-appearing
Vital Signs
Vital signs are generally within normal limit, but patients with severe disease and dehydration may have the following vital signs derangements:
Skin
- Poor skin turgor
HEENT
- Conjunctival pallor
- Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
- Xerostomia (dry oral mucous membranes)
Abdomen
- Distended bowels
- Hyperactive bowel sounds
- Diffuse abdominal tenderness on light palpation. Abdominal tenderness may be more prominent in lower abdominal quadrants due to involvement of the distal sigmoid colon and/or rectum.
Vascular
- Flat jugular vein
- Prolonged capillary refill time
References