Sideroblastic anemia physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nazia Fuad M.D.

Overview

Patients usually presents with signs of anemia with pale skin, dyspnea, and tachycardia. Growth retardation is seen in children. Other signs include hypothermia, lead line on teeth margins, photosensitivity, petechiae, optic atrophy, ataxia, and incoordination. Hepatosplenomegaly is common patients with iron overload.

Physical Examination

Patients with sideroblastic anemia may exibit following signs.

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with sideroblastic anemia usually appear pale
• Growth retardation in children

Vital Signs

• Hypothermia

Skin

• Photosensitivity
• Petechiae

HEENT

• HEENT examination of patients with sideroblastic anemia is usually normal except:
  • Oral - Lead line on teeth margins
  • Eyes - Optic atrophy (associated with DIDMOAD syndrome)

Neck

• Jugular venous distension

Lungs

• Pulmonary examination of patients with sideroblastic anemia is usually normal except
  • Dyspnea
  • Rales

Heart

• Arrhythmias
• Heart failure
• Chest pain
• S3 gallop

Abdomen

• Splenomegaly
• Diarrhea
• Hepatomegaly

Back

• Back examination of patients with sideroblastic anemia is usually normal

Genitourinary

• Genitourinary examination of patients with sideroblastic anemia is usually normal except:
  • Pink staining of diapers in childrens from porphyrins in urine

Neuromuscular

• Ataxia,
• Hyporeflexia
• Incoordination

Extremities

• Extremities examination of patients with sideroblastic anemia is usually normal