Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes
|
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from other Diseases |
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2] Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [3]
Overview
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a blood-borne infection caused by enteric organisms in 70% of cases (mono-microbial origin in 90% of cases). Aerobic gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli account for half of the cases. Gram-positive cocci Streptococcus species in 20% cases and enterococcus accounting for 5% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus salivarius are less frequent causes. Poly-microbial infection is mostly iatrogenic (more likely associated with abdominal paracentesis) or intra-abdominal source of infection. The cause of SBP is not definitively established, but is believed to involve hematogenous spread of organisms in patients with liver disease and altered portal circulation in adults, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis occurs in conjunction with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension.
Causes
Common Causes
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is often a blood-borne infection caused by enteric organisms in 70% of the cases (mono-microbial in 90%).
- Aerobic gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli account for half of the cases.
- Gram-positive cocci Streptococcus species account for 20% cases and enterococcus accounts for 5% of the cases.
Less common causes
- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus salivarius are less frequent causes.
- Poly-microbial infection is mostly iatrogenic (associated with abdominal paracentesis) or intra-abdominal source of infection.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Cardiogenic ascites |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Proton Pump Inhibitors and Beta Adrenergic Antagonists |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Ascites, Chronic liver disease, Cirrhosis , Intrahepatic blood shunting , Portal hypertension |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
| Infectious Disease | Acinetobacter infections, Actinomyces infections , Aerococcus urinae , Aeromonas hydrophila, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum , Bacteroides fragilis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Brucella infection, Candida infection, Citrobacter freundii, Coccidioides immitis , Cryptococcus neoformans , Defective ascites bactericidal activity, Enterococcus casseliflavus , Enterococcus faecalis , Enterococcus gallinarum , Enterococcus hirae , Escherichia coli , Gemella morbilorum , Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Leclercia adecarboxylata , Leminorella grimontii , Listeria monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis , Ochrobactrum anthropi , Plesiomonas shigelloides, Proteus inections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella paratyphi a , Salmonella typhimurium , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius , Vibrio vulnificus, Viridans group streptococci,and Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | Malnutrition |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Malignant ascites |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | Cirrhosis |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Nephrotic syndrome |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acinetobacter infections
- Actinomyces infections
- Aerococcus urinae
- Aeromonas hydrophila
- Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
- Bacteroides fragilis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Brucella infection
- Candida infection
- Chronic liver disease
- Cirrhosis
- Citrobacter freundii
- Coccidioides immitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Defective ascitic bactericidal activity
- Enterococcus casseliflavus
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterococcus gallinarum
- Enterococcus hirae
- Escherichia coli
- Gemella morbillorum
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- Intrahepatic blood shunting
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Leclercia adecarboxylata
- Leminorella grimontii
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Malignant ascites
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Ochrobactrum anthropi
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Portal hypertension
- Proteus infections
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Salmonella paratyphi a
- Salmonella typhimurium
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus salivarius
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Viridans group streptococci