Staphylococcus haemolyticus
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| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | ||||||||||||||
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| Staphylococcus haemolyticus Schleifer & Kloos 1975 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a species of bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is a Gram positive coccus, coagulase negative, and catalase positive. Frequently found as a commensal organism on the skin of humans and animals, S. haemolyticus occurs infrequently as a cause of soft-tissue infections, usually in immunocompromised patients.
S. haemolyticus is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.[1] Resistance to vancomycin has been recorded, and this is a cause for concern because such resistance could be acquired by other, more pathogenic staphylococci.
Treatment
Antimicrobial regimen
- Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative species (CoNS)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis[2]
- 1. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Preferred regimen (1): Oxacillin 1-2 g IV q4h
- Preferred regimen (2): Nafcillin 1-2 g IV q4h
- Preferred regimen (3): Cephalothin
- Alternative regimen: Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd AND Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim ((or) Fluoroquinolones) AND Daptomycin 600 mg PO or IV q12h[3]
- Note: 75% of the S. epidermidis are methicillin-resistant.
- 2. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h with or without Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd
- Note: For deep-seated infections consider adding Gentamicin with or without Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd to the regimen[4]
- 3. Prosthetic device infections
- Preferred regimen: Oxacillin 1-2 g IV q4h ((or) Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h) AND Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd AND Gentamicin 3 mg/kg/day IV/IM q8-24h is appropriate[4]
- Note: Duration depends on site of infection and severity.
References
- ↑ Froggatt JW, Johnston JL, Galetto DW, Archer GL (1989). "Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 33 (4): 460–6. PMID 2729941 fulltext.
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME; et al. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145.