This basement membrane disease history and symptoms

Template:Thin basement membrane disease overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Thin basement membrane disease has to be differentiated from the other two common causes of isolated glomerular hematuria, IgA nephropathy and Alport syndrome.

History and Symptoms

The history and presentation are helpful in differentiating this basement membrane disease from others.

• There is usually a family history of kidney failure, which may be associated with hearing impairment in Alport syndrome. Also, more males tend to be affected since it is more often X-linked.
• In IgA nephropathy, episodes of frank hematuria are more common, and a family history is rare.

Most patients with thin basement membrane disease are incidentally discovered to have microscopic hematuria on urinalysis. The blood pressure, kidney function and the urinary protein excretion are usually normal. Mild proteinuria (less than 1.5 g/day) and hypertension are seen in a small minority of patients. Frank hematuria and loin pain should prompt a search for another cause, such as kidney stones or loin pain-hematuria syndrome. Also, there are no systemic manifestations, so presence of hearing impairment or visual impairment should prompt a search for hereditary nephritis such as Alport syndrome.