Tuberculous pericarditis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Overview

The prevalence of tuberculous pericarditis is approximately 1-2% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients of all age groups may develop tuberculous pericarditis. The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis increases with age. Tuberculous pericarditis commonly affects elderly. Tuberculous pericarditis usually affects individuals of the black race. Men are more commonly affected by tuberculous pericarditis than female. Since the prevalence of tuberculous pericarditis may follow tuberculosis prevalence, The majority of tuberculous pericarditis cases are reported in South Africa, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, India, and China.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

• The prevalence of tuberculous pericarditis is approximately 1-2% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop tuberculous pericarditis.
• The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis increases with age.
• Tuberculous pericarditis commonly affects elderly.

Race

• Tuberculous pericarditis usually affects individuals of the black race.

Gender

• Men are more commonly affected by tuberculous pericarditis than female.

Region

• Since the prevalence of tuberculous pericarditis may follow tuberculosis prevalence, The majority of tuberculous pericarditis cases are reported in:
  • South Africa
    • The incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa is 834 per 100,000 of the overall population.
    • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in South Africa is 46 per 100,000 of the overall population.
  • Indonesia
    • The incidence of tuberculosis in Indonesia is 395 per 100,000 of the overall population.
    • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in Indonesia is 40 per 100,000 of the overall population.
  • Nigeria
    • The incidence of tuberculosis in Nigeria is 322 per 100,000 of the overall population.
    • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in Nigeria is 99 per 100,000 of the overall population.
  • Pakistan
    • The incidence of tuberculosis in Pakistan is 270 per 100,000 of the overall population.
    • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in Pakistan is 23 per 100,000 of the overall population.
  • India
    • The incidence of tuberculosis in India is 217 per 100,000 of the overall population.
    • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in India is 36 per 100,000 of the overall population.
  • China
    • The incidence of tuberculosis in China is 67 per 100,000 of the overall population.
    • The mortality of tuberculosis (excluding HIV-TB coinfection) in China is 2.6 per 100,000 of the overall population.

Developed Countries

• After the resurgence of TB in the mid-1980s, the number of case counts steadily increased, peaking in 1992.
• Since the 1992 TB resurgence peak in the United States, the number of TB cases reported has decreased annually.
• The year 2014 marked the twenty-second year of decline in the total number of TB cases reported in the United States since the peak of the resurgence.
• In 2014, a total of 9,421 cases were reported from the 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC).
• This represented a decline of 1.5% from 2013.
• The number of cases per 100,000 in 2013 and 2014 has been stable at a rate of 3.0.

Image 1 - Reported TB Cases United States, 1982–2014- Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)

Image 2 - TB Case Rates,* United States, 2014- Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)