Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Management Initial resuscitation Pharmacotherapy Risk stratification
Surgery Surgical Management Endoscopic Intervention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Guidelines for Management
Case Studies
Case #1
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings
CDC on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings in the news
Blogs on Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings
Directions to Hospitals Treating Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Risk calculators and risk factors for Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other imaging findings

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

In cases where the source of bleeding is unidentified after upper endoscopy, the utilization of subsequent diagnostic modalities depends upon the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Other imaging studies include CT angiography, catheter angiography, radionuclide imaging.

Other Imaging Findings

In cases where the source of bleeding is unidentified after upper endoscopy, the utilization of subsequent diagnostic modalities depends upon the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Other diagnostic studies include:

• CT angiography
• Catheter angiography
• Radionuclide imaging

	CT angiography	Catheter angiography	Radionuclide imaging
Bleeding at rates detection	At least 0.5 mL/min	0.5 to 1.5 mL/min	0.1 mL/min
Indications	Hemodynamically stable Endoscopy undiagnostic	Endoscopy not feasible due to severe bleeding with hemodynamic instability Persistent or recurrent GI bleeding Non-diagnostic upper endoscopy
Advantages	Minimally invasive  Demonstrate neoplasms or vascular malformations Can provide evidence of recent bleeding	Diagnostic and therapeutic Allows for infusion of vasoconstrictive drugs and/or embolization. Does not require bowel preparation.	Most sensitive imaging modality for GI bleeding More commonly utilized for investigation of patients with obscure, intermittent bleeding
Disadvantages	Lacks therapeutic capability Risk of contrast induced nephropathy in patients with renal impairment and contrast allergy	Access-site hematoma or pseudoaneurysm Arterial dissection Spasm, bowel ischemia Contrast-induced nephropathy or allergic reaction	Poor anatomic localization of the bleeding site Unable to diagnose the pathological cause of GI bleeding