Vitamin B12 deficiency epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
A large study in the US found that 39 % people had low values.[1] This study at Tufts University used the B12 concentration 258 pmol/l (= 350 pg/liter) as a criterion of "low level". Research has shown that B12 deficiency may occur at a much higher B12 concentration (500-600 pg/l). On this basis Mitsuyama and Kogoh [2] proposed 550 pg/l, and Tiggelen et al [3] proposed 600 pg/l. Against this background, there are reasons to believe that B12 deficiency is present in a far greater proportion of the population than 39% as reported by the Tufts University.
In the developing world the deficiency is very widespread, with significant levels of deficiency in Africa, India, and South and Central America. This is due to low intakes of animal products, particular among the poor and strict vegan Increased intake of animal products or supplements have been suggested.[4]
B12 deficiency is even more common in the elderly.[5] This is because B12 absorption decreases greatly in the presence of atrophic gastritis, which is common in elderly.
References
- ↑ "B12 Deficiency May Be More Widespread Than Thought / August 2, 2000 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service". Retrieved 2007-07-01.
- ↑ Mitsuyama Y, Kogoh H. (1988). "Serum and cerebrospinal fluid vitamin B12 levels in demented patients with CH3-
B12 treatment". Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology. 42 (1): 65–71. line feed character in
|title=at position 80 (help) - ↑ VanTiggelen CJM, Peperkamp JPC, TerToolen JFW. (1983). "Vitamin-B12 levels of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with organic mental disorder". Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry (12): 305–11.
- ↑ Sally P. Stabler and Robert H. Allen(2004). "Vitamin B12 Deficiency as a Worldwide Problem. Annual Review of Nutrition 24: 299-326". soft hyphen character in
|author=at position 22 (help) - ↑ H.W. Baik, R.M. Russell (1999). "Vitamin b12 deficiency in the elderly. Annual Review of Nutrition 19: 357-377".