West nile virus infection differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]

Overview

West Nile fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, skin rash, myalgias, and back pain, such as other viral infections due to rhinovirus, enterovirus D68, coxsackievirus, influenza, echovirus. Patients with severe WNV infection may present with meningitis, encephalitis, or flaccid paralysis. These diseases must be differentiated from other diseases that cause severe headache, altered mental status, seizures, and paralysis, such as herpes virus encephalitis, enterovirus encephalitis, bacterial encephalitis, metabolic encephalitis, poliomyelitis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of West Nile fever

Differential Diagnosis
Rhinovirus infection
Enterovirus D68 infection
Coxsackievirus infection
Influenza infection
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Chikungunya virus infection
Dengue fever
Zika fever

Differential diagnosis of severe West Nile virus infection

West Nile Virus Presentation	Differential Diagnosis
West Nile Virus Encephalitis and Meningitis	Herpes simplex virus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, other arbovirus, metabolic encephalopathy, bacterial meningitis, St. Louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis, Lyme disease.
West Nile Virus Flaccid Paralysis	Acute poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, stroke, myasthenia gravis

References

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