Zika virus infection history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D., Nate Michalak, B.A., Serge Korjian M.D., Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
The most common symptoms of Zika virus infection include fever and maculopapular rash. Additional symptoms include arthralgia, conjunctivitis, myalgia, headache, retro-orbital pain, and vomiting. The diagnosis of Zika is based on person's recent travel history, symptoms, and test results.
History
Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include any history of:
- Prior residence in or travel to an areas with local ZIKV transmission.
- Recent sexual exposure to a person who resided in or travelled to an areas with local ZIKV transmission (With or without diagnosis of ZIKV infection or suggestive symptoms).
- History of recent blood transfusion.
- History of recent laboratory exposure of ZIKV (injuries from sharps, etc).
Symptoms
- The symptoms of Zika virus infection are similar to those of other arboviral infections such as dengue fever and chikungunya.
- Many patients infected with Zika won't have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. For this reason, many people (approximately 80%) might not realize they have been infected.
- The pre-symptomatic period varies from 3-12 days, during which viremia may occur.
- Symptoms of Zika virus infection include the following:[1][2][3]
Common Symptoms
- Anorexia
- Arthralgia
- Back pain
- Conjunctivitis
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Maculopapular rash
- Myalgia
- Retro-orbital pain
- Symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome
Less Common Symptoms
- Abdominal pain
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Mucous membrane ulcerations (Aphthous)
- Pruritis
References
- ↑ Zika Virus. For Health Care Providers: Clinical Evaluation & Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html Accessed on December 11, 2015
- ↑ Hayes EB (2009). "Zika virus outside Africa". Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (9): 1347–50. doi:10.3201/eid1509.090442. PMC 2819875. PMID 19788800.
- ↑ Duffy MR, Chen TH, Hancock WT, Powers AM, Kool JL, Lanciotti RS; et al. (2009). "Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia". N Engl J Med. 360 (24): 2536–43. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0805715. PMID 19516034.