View source for Allergic conjunctivitis epidemiology and demographics

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{{Allergic conjunctivitis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Sujaya}}
==Overview==
[[Allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] exhibits distinct [[epidemiological]] and [[demographic]] [[characteristics]] based on the populations studied and the presence of [[comorbid]] conditions. Females are more affected and children often have other co-existent [[allergic]] [[diseases]]. Intermittent episodes are common, with the [[chronic]] forms more encountered in [[clinical]] practice.

==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* A [[prevalence]] of 15-20% is seen in studies performed on older population, but more recent studies estimate rates as high as 40%<ref name="pmid21785348">{{cite journal| author=Rosario N, Bielory L| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 471-6 | pmid=21785348 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a9676 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21785348  }} </ref>. 
* The age-sex adjusted [[prevalence]] was as high as 70.5% in a study conducted in Saudi Arabia, which did not show any variation of risk of the [[disease]] with age group. However, females were affected more frequently than males<ref name="pmid32174737">{{cite journal| author=Alqurashi KA, Bamahfouz AY, Almasoudi BM| title=Prevalence and causative agents of allergic conjunctivitis and its determinants in adult citizens of Western Saudi Arabia: A survey. | journal=Oman J Ophthalmol | year= 2020 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-33 | pmid=32174737 | doi=10.4103/ojo.OJO_31_2019 | pmc=7050458 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32174737  }} </ref>.
* Most children with [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] also suffer from [[allergic]] [[rhinitis]]. Ocular allergies may even supersede the primary complaints of nasal congestion<ref name="pmid21785348">{{cite journal| author=Rosario N, Bielory L| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 471-6 | pmid=21785348 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a9676 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21785348  }} </ref>.
* Although seasonal [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] is the most frequent form, the [[chronic]] forms, such as [[vernal]] and [[atopic]] [[keratoconjunctivitis]], are the ones more commonly encountered by [[ophthalmologists]]<ref name="pmid26258920">{{cite journal| author=Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 482-8 | pmid=26258920 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26258920  }} </ref>.
* Most of the patients with [[allergic]] [[conjunctivitis]] suffer few mild ,intermittent episodes on an annual basis. However, 30% of patients experience intense and persistent [[symptoms]]<ref name="pmid26258920">{{cite journal| author=Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 482-8 | pmid=26258920 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26258920  }} </ref>.
* [[Treatment]] is frequently inappropriate<ref name="pmid26258920">{{cite journal| author=Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D| title=Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. | journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 482-8 | pmid=26258920 | doi=10.1097/ACI.0000000000000204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26258920  }} </ref>.

==References==